Maladie cœliaque, une maladie caméléon à large spectre clinique 1549

Dr Moussayer khadija, 2 y.

- Science - Health -

3.4 min read.

La maladie cœliaque ou intolérance au gluten est une pathologie chronique, qui touche les intestins, suite à l'ingestion de gluten. Le diagnostic de ce trouble est souvent difficile et tardif : avec des caractéristiques très variés, la pathologie est souvent comparée à un véritable caméléon clinique ! Il n'existe toujours pas de traitement curatif et sa seule résolution réside dans l'exclusion de tout gluten de l'alimentation générale. Cette affection fait partie des maladies auto-immunes, qui regroupent un ensemble de maladies - près d’une centaine - dues à une attaque de notre système immunitaire contre des éléments de notre organisme : un processus d’auto-destruction en quelque somme ! Dans le cas de la maladie cœliaque, il s'agit plus précisément d'une intolérance (et non d'une allergie) à un composant du gluten, la gliadine (ensemble de protéines constituant les farines de certaines céréales, dont le blé, le seigle, l'orge, l'avoine). Le malade présente à la base une prédisposition génétique de type HLA et son organisme va produire des anticorps qui vont attaquer la muqueuse des villosités intestinales. Passons donc en revue ce qu’est la maladie et les actions de l 'ASSOCIATION MAROCAINE DES INTOLERANTS ET ALLERGIQUES AU GLUTEN (AMIAG) qui oeuvre au Maroc pour sensibiliser la population à ce trouble. QUE SAVOIR SUR LA MALADIE COELIAQUE ? La maladie cœliaque (MC) est donc une maladie auto-immune, plutôt féminine, où le système immunitaire attaque la paroi de l’intestin grêle induisant des dommages et des troubles très divers dans l’absorption du fer, du calcium, et des vitamines et de multiples autres complications. DES MANIFESTATIONS PEU CLAIRES ET DEROUTANTES Elle est difficile à diagnostiquer à cause de ses multiples manifestations. D’une affection de nourrissons et d’enfants en bas âge et dont les signes typiques se limitent à l’appareil digestif (diarrhées, vomissements, état irritable, cassure de la croissance), la maladie cœliaque est devenue ces dernières décennies une pathologie de l’adolescent et de l’adulte et dont les manifestations sont très étendues. Des douleurs articulaires, une ostéoporose, des anémies, des fausses couches à répétition, des aphtes buccaux, une dermatite ou même encore des maux de tête, une fatigue chronique, une anxiété, une dépression …constituent le large spectre clinique de la maladie. Elle peut d’ailleurs rester plus ou moins « silencieuse » pendant des années tout en poursuivant un travail de destruction sur l’intestin et d’autres organes. UN MAL SOUS-DIAGNOSTIQUE De ce fait, la maladie cœliaque chez l’adulte est bien souvent découverte au stade de complications. On estime souvent d’ailleurs que le délai de sa mise en évidence est de 13 ans et que, pour chaque cas détecté, en particulier chez l’adulte, 8 resteraient ignorés. Le diagnostic de la maladie cœliaque repose sur la recherche de substances particulières, responsables d’attaques sur l’organisme et appelées auto-anticorps (les anti-transglutaminases) et sur la découverte d’une atrophie des replis de la paroi intestinale (les villosités) après la réalisation d’une biopsie duodénale. Les complications de la maladie cœliaque peuvent entraîner des cancers intestinaux, de l'œsophage, des lymphomes, ulcères intestinaux, ou ostéoporose. UN REGIME CONTRAIGNANT ET COÜTEUX L’application de ce régime contraignant demeure toujours difficile en temps ordinaire du fait de l’absence d’un étiquetage obligatoire sur la présence du gluten dans certains pays comme le Maroc (à la différence de la France), alors que ce nutriment est présent dans la plupart de produits très divers (pain, farines, pâtisserie, pâtes, charcuterie…) et souvent insoupçonnés (médicaments, rouge à lèvres, dentifrice, colle, bonbons, sauce à salade, plats cuisinés…) L’ASSOCIATION MAROCAINE DES INTOLERANTS ET ALLERGIQUES AU GLUTEN (AMIAG) Fondée en 2013, l’AMIAG a su s’imposer rapidement comme l’association nationale de référence pour la maladie cœliaque au Maroc et est reconnue comme telle par ses partenaires à l’étranger. Comptant près de 1 000 adhérents, elle a mis en place ou organise : - la journée nationale de la maladie cœliaque chaque année en mai, avec des conférences pour les malades ; - des ateliers culinaires mensuels (couronnés épisodiquement de concours de cuisine festifs) animés en particulier par le Dr Maria Chentouf, une des meilleures cheffes cuisinières en recettes sans gluten ; - une grande fête annuelle pour les enfants cœliaques (mélangeant à la fois un spectacle, de la musique, des jeux et des conférences médicales) ; - des conférences scientifiques avec des experts nationaux et internationaux, en particulier lors d’événements des professionnels de santé (comme Officine Expo) ; - des aides alimentaires et des dons de moulins à céréales aux familles les plus pauvres, grâce au concours d’autres associations caritatives et de sponsors divers, lors des manifestations énumérés précédemment. Enfin dernier succès et pas le moindre, L’Institut Marocain de Normalisation « IMANOR » et l’Association Marocaine des Intolérants et Allergiques au Gluten ont établi en 2023 un partenariat visant à promouvoir les produits alimentaires sans gluten sur le marché marocain, à travers la mise en place d’un label national « Sans Gluten ». Les règles fixant les critères et modalités d’attribution de ce Label ont été élaborées en concertation avec l’AMIAG et autres parties prenantes. Enfin, l'AMIAG organise une journée de sensibilisation à la maladie cœliaque le 10 février 2024 Cette journée sous le thème de " La Maladie Cœliaque & son Régime Sans Gluten à vie " se tiendra au Théâtre du Complexe Culturel Sidi Belyout – Casablanca. L’AMIAG profitera de cette journée également pour organiser avec ses adhérents son Assemblée Générale Ordinaire. Dr Khadija Moussayer Présidente de l’association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS), Vice-présidente de l’AMIAG OVERVIEW Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune disease that occurs in genetically predisposed people where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. It is estimated to affect 1 in 100 people worldwide, but only about 30% are properly diagnosed. The first and most important step in treating celiac disease is to stop eating gluten. The Moroccan association of those intolerant and allergic to Gluten (AMIAG), chaired by Jamila Cherif Idrissi , was created by civil society people and members of the medical and paramedical corps with the aim of informing and raising awareness to the population to these pathologies as well as the unification of the efforts and the assistance to lend to the people suffering from it

Dr Moussayer khadija

Dr MOUSSAYER KHADIJA الدكتورة خديجة موسيار Spécialiste en médecine interne et en Gériatrie en libéral à Casablanca. Présidente de l’Alliance Maladies Rares Maroc (AMRM) et de l’association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS), Vice-présidente du Groupe de l’Auto-Immunité Marocain (GEAIM)

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THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER - PREFACE 2306

Bluwr X Commons: Mark Twain, 2 y.

- Short Stories -

0.6 min read.

Most of the adventures recorded in this book really occurred; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life; Tom Sawyer also, but not from an individual—he is a combination of the characteristics of three boys whom I knew, and therefore belongs to the composite order of architecture. The odd superstitions touched upon were all prevalent among children and slaves in the West at the period of this story—that is to say, thirty or forty years ago. Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shunned by men and women on that account, for part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and of how they felt and thought and talked, and what queer enterprises they sometimes engaged in. THE AUTHOR. HARTFORD, 1876.

THE MEDITATIONS - Book I.[1/3] 2371

Bluwr X Commons: Marcus Aurelius, 2 y.

3.7 min read.

1. I learned from my grandfather, Verus, to use good manners, and to put restraint on anger. 2. In the famous memory of my father I had a pattern of modesty and manliness. 3. Of my mother I learned to be pious and generous; to keep myself not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and to live with a simplicity which is far from customary among the rich. 4. I owe it to my great-grandfather that I did not attend public lectures and discussions, but had good and able teachers at home; and I owe him also the knowledge that for things of this nature a man should count no expense too great. 5. My tutor taught me not to favour either green or blue at the chariot races, nor, in the contests of gladiators, to be a supporter either of light or heavy armed. He taught me also to endure labour; not to need many things; to serve myself without troubling others; not to intermeddle in the affairs of others, and not easily to listen to slanders against them. 6. Of Diognetus I had the lesson not to busy myself about vain things; not to credit the great professions of such as pretend to work wonders, or of sorcerers about their charms, and their expelling of Demons and the like; not to keep quails (for fighting or divination), nor to run after such things; to suffer freedom of speech in others, and to apply myself heartily to philosophy. Him also I must thank for my hearing first Bacchius, then Tandasis and Marcianus; that I wrote dialogues in my youth, and took a liking to the philosopher’s pallet and skins, and to the other things which, by the Grecian discipline, belong to that profession. 7. To Rusticus I owe my first apprehensions that my nature needed reform and cure; and that I did not fall into the ambition of the common Sophists, either by composing speculative writings or by declaiming harangues of exhortation in public; further, that I never strove to be admired by ostentation of great patience in an ascetic life, or by display of activity and application; that I gave over the study of rhetoric, poetry, and the graces of language; and that I did not pace my house in my senatorial robes, or practise any similar affectation. I observed also the simplicity of style in his letters, particularly in that which he wrote to my mother from Sinuessa. I learned from him to be easily appeased, and to be readily reconciled with those who had displeased me or given cause of offence, so soon as they inclined to make their peace; to read with care; not to rest satisfied with a slight and superficial knowledge; nor quickly to assent to great talkers. I have him to thank that I met with the discourses of Epictetus, which he furnished me from his own library. 8. From Apollonius I learned true liberty, and tenacity of purpose; to regard nothing else, even in the smallest degree, but reason always; and always to remain unaltered in the agonies of pain, in the losses of children, or in long diseases. He afforded me a living example of how the same man can, upon occasion, be most yielding and most inflexible. He was patient in exposition; and, as might well be seen, esteemed his fine skill and ability in teaching others the principles of philosophy as the least of his endowments. It was from him that I learned how to receive from friends what are thought favours without seeming humbled by the giver or insensible to the gift. 9. Sextus was my pattern of a benign temper, and his family the model of a household governed by true paternal affection, and a steadfast purpose of living according to nature. Here I could learn to be grave without affectation, to observe sagaciously the several dispositions and inclinations of my friends, to tolerate the ignorant and those who follow current opinions without examination. His conversation showed how a man may accommodate himself to all men and to all companies; for though companionship with him was sweeter and more pleasing than any sort of flattery, yet he was at the same time highly respected and reverenced. No man was ever more happy than he in comprehending, finding out, and arranging in exact order the great maxims necessary for the conduct of life. His example taught me to suppress even the least appearance of anger or any other passion; but still, with all this perfect tranquillity, to possess the tenderest and most affectionate heart; to be apt to approve others yet without noise; to have much learning and little ostentation. 10. I learned from Alexander the Grammarian to avoid censuring others, to refrain from flouting them for a barbarism, solecism, or any false pronunciation. Rather was I dexterously to pronounce the words rightly in my answer, confining approval or objection to the matter itself, and avoiding discussion of the expression, or to use some other form of courteous suggestion. 11. Fronto made me sensible how much of envy, deceit and hypocrisy surrounds princes; and that generally those whom we account nobly born have somehow less natural affection. 12. I learned from Alexander the Platonist not often nor without great necessity to say, or write to any man in a letter, that I am not at leisure; nor thus, under pretext of urgent affairs, to make a practice of excusing myself from the duties which, according to our various ties, we owe to those with whom we live. 13. Of Catulus I learned not to condemn any friend’s expostulation even though it were unjust, but to try to recall him to his former disposition; to stint no praise in speaking of my masters, as is recounted of Domitius and Athenodorus; and to love my children with true affection. 14. Of Severus, my brother, I learned to love my kinsmen, to love truth, to love justice. Through him I came to know Thrasea, Helvidius, Cato, Dion, and Brutus. He gave me my first conception of a Commonwealth founded upon equitable laws and administered with equality of right; and of a Monarchy whose chief concern is the freedom of its subjects. Of him I learned likewise a constant and harmonious devotion to Philosophy; to be ready to do good, to be generous with all my heart. He taught me to be of good hope and trustful of the affection of my friends. I observed in him candour in declaring what he condemned in the conduct of others; and so frank and open was his behaviour, that his friends might easily see without the trouble of conjecture what he liked or disliked.