Snake Venom That Does Nothing to a Honey Badger, Kills a Human
The honey badger is one of nature's toughest creatures. Despite its small size, this fearless animal isn't afraid to take on some of the most dangerous predators, including venomous snakes. What’s truly fascinating is that the snake venom that can kill a human has little effect on a honey badger----
The honey badger, also called a ratel, lives in Africa, Southwest Asia, and parts of India. It’s known for its aggressive behavior, strong build, and thick, loose skin, which makes it hard for snake fangs to deliver a full dose of venom. This tough skin is one reason why honey badgers can survive snake bites that would be deadly to other animals.
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But the honey badger's resistance to venom isn't just about its skin. Scientists have discovered that honey badgers have special adaptations at the molecular level. Snake venom typically attacks nerve cells by binding to specific receptors. However, the honey badger's receptors have evolved to be less affected by these toxins, allowing the badger to survive bites that would be fatal to humans.
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Another interesting aspect is how honey badgers react when bitten. They might show signs of being affected by the venom, such as slowing down or swelling, but they often recover quickly. This suggests that their bodies have proteins or other molecules that neutralize the venom, helping them bounce back after an encounter with a deadly snake. FASCINATING, right?
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Snake Venom That Does Nothing to a Honey Badger, Kills a Human
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Can You Become a Millionaire by Working on Venom? Yes!
The idea of becoming a millionaire might conjure images of tech startups, real estate investments, or Wall Street. But working with venom can be your ticket to wealth, thanks to its significant medical and commercial potential. ----
Venom, produced by creatures like snakes, spiders, and scorpions, is a complex mixture of proteins and peptides. These toxic cocktails hold incredible potential for medical applications, creating a profitable intersection of nature and science.----
Venom-derived drugs have made significant impacts in medicine. For instance:
- Captopril, derived from the Brazilian pit viper's venom, generates over $1 billion annually in revenue.
- Prialt, a painkiller from cone snail venom, can cost up to $20,000 per year per patient.
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The pharmaceutical industry constantly seeks new compounds for effective treatments. Venom-derived substances are particularly appealing, leading to substantial investments in research and development. This can result in lucrative patents and partnerships.----
Venom production and farming are other profitable ventures. Companies like Amsaal Venom Farm LLC specialize in producing and distributing venom for research and antivenom production. High-quality venom can sell for up to $5,000 per gram, depending on the species and purity.----
Owning patents on venom-derived compounds is highly lucrative. Licensing these patents to pharmaceutical companies can yield substantial royalty payments. For example, licensing agreements typically offer 3–5% royalties on net sales. A successful drug generating $500 million annually could provide $15-$25 million in royalties.----
Imagine discovering a new venom-derived compound that becomes a best-selling drug. With an annual revenue of $1 billion and a 3% royalty, you could earn $30 million per year. Alternatively, running a venom farm producing 100 grams of high-quality venom per year could generate $500,000 annually, assuming a $5,000 per gram price.
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Can You Become a Millionaire by Working on Venom? Yes!
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How Nature's Deadliest Creatures Influence Medicines?
When we think about the most dangerous animals in the world, we often imagine deadly snakes, venomous spiders, or stinging scorpions. These creatures are feared for their powerful venoms, but what if I told you that their venoms could save lives? It may sound surprising, but many scientists are now using these dangerous venoms to create new medicines. Here are some of my thoughts on this fascinating topic. Spider venom might give you chills, but it is also giving hope to people who suffer from strokes. The Australian funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) produces a venom that contains a peptide called Hi1a. This peptide has been found to protect brain cells from damage caused by a stroke. Researchers are studying Hi1a to create treatments that could save the lives of stroke victims and help them recover more quickly.
Snakes are some of the most feared animals on the planet, but their venom is helping to treat serious illnesses. For example, the Brazilian pit viper (Bothrops jararaca) produces a venom that contains a molecule called bradykinin-potentiating peptide (BPP). This molecule has been used to develop a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors, which are commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. These drugs work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure, turning a deadly venom into a lifesaving medication.
Scorpion venom is another powerful substance that is being turned into medicine. Researchers have found that a protein in scorpion venom, chlorotoxin, can bind specifically to cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. This discovery has led to the development of a drug called Tumor Paint, which helps surgeons see cancer cells more clearly during surgery. The venom of the deathstalker scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) is being harnessed to ensure that cancerous tissue is removed more precisely, reducing the risk of recurrence.
The ocean is home to many venomous creatures, like cone snails and jellyfish. The venom of the cone snail (Conus magus) contains a compound called ziconotide, which has been developed into a drug for severe chronic pain. Ziconotide works by blocking calcium channels in nerve cells, preventing pain signals from reaching the brain. This non-opioid painkiller offers a powerful alternative to traditional pain medications and has been a significant breakthrough in pain management.
Bees and wasps are often seen as pests, but their venoms are being used to help treat autoimmune diseases. Melittin, a peptide found in bee venom, has shown potential in treating conditions like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Melittin can modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation. Scientists are working to isolate and modify melittin to enhance its therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects, offering new hope to patients with these challenging conditions.
The Gila monster is a venomous lizard whose saliva contains a hormone called exendin-4. This hormone has been turned into a drug called exenatide, which helps people with type 2 diabetes manage their blood sugar levels. Exenatide mimics the action of a natural hormone that stimulates insulin release and inhibits glucagon production, effectively controlling blood glucose levels. It's amazing to think that a substance from a lizard's mouth can help millions of people control their diabetes.
Centipedes might seem like creepy crawlies, but their venom is showing promise as a pain reliever. The venom of the Chinese red-headed centipede (Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans) contains a peptide called SsTx. SsTx can block pain signals by inhibiting sodium channels in nerve cells, offering a new approach to pain management. Researchers are synthesizing SsTx in the lab and conducting trials to evaluate its effectiveness and safety, potentially leading to new, non-addictive painkillers.
It is truly fascinating how scientists can transform deadly venoms into life-saving medicines. Studying these natural toxins, researchers are finding new ways to treat some of the most challenging diseases and conditions. This innovation shows the incredible diversity of nature and emphasizes the importance of preserving these species and their habitats. The transformation from venom to cure is a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and the power of nature.
Attached, please find our open-source scientific article explaining everything in detail.
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How Nature's Deadliest Creatures Influence Medicines?
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The Formation of Freeze Behavior or Reaction That Leads to a Defeat in a Team Performance
Our cognitive framework is shaped by influences—what others perceive we can do becomes integrated into our understanding and beliefs. Similarly, as we engage in interactions, our behavior adapts—much like muscles strengthening through exercise. Our brain, too, grows more resilient when exposed to any high stressors.
Interestingly, high-intensity experiences don’t necessarily lead to psychological issues like depression. Our brains constantly adapt, learning and growing stronger through challenges. High-intensity experiences don't necessarily lead to negativity, but rather help us adjust and improve. When we face challenges, it’s not merely a replay of the past; it’s an opportunity to add effort, focus, and performance. Success reinforces this process, enhancing our self-worth and fostering a sense of accomplishment.
As someone who has played soccer and received coaching from my youth through adulthood, I’ve discovered that soccer offers a unique chance to challenge and enhance our abilities. The dynamic stressors—each teaching moment—contribute to improved performance. Adaptability is key.
Occasionally, our minds become foggy, leaving us clueless. But patience becomes our ally, helping us regain mental strength and find solutions to new challenges.
Challenging tough opponents who believe they can easily score against us shakes and activates our stressors. We encounter a blend of emotional illusions (overthinking or fear of failure), exaggerated intensity, and tactical complexity. Our coaches may emphasize the strength of rival opponents, presenting their past performance as an analyzation for our game preparation. However, even though we can see things, and read events, the opponents' invincibility lead us to a freeze reaction— a temporary mental shutdown that hinders performance—when we step onto the field and face those opponents who prove their capabilities by controlling the game.
Freeze Behavior on the Field:
Imagine this: You're a defender facing a team known for their aggressive attackers. The pressure mounts as they break through your midfield. Fear clouds your judgment, making it difficult to track their movements. This is freeze behavior in action.
For midfielders, freeze behavior might manifest as hesitation during crucial passes. Doubting your abilities can lead to missed opportunities and disrupted team flow.
Forwards facing a seemingly unbeatable goalkeeper might feel overwhelmed, stifling their creativity and attacking instincts.
I vividly recall involving in few games I was under such experiences. An away game in Morocco against one of the top opponents. They controlled every aspect of the play, scoring three goals in the first half. We felt disoriented, confused, and overwhelmed—an experience akin to being near a grenade explosion. Our vision blurred even we can see, sounds muffled even we hear, and instincts kicked in as we desperately tried to protect ourselves.
The interplay of perception, pressure, and performance shapes our reaction to freeze state. Recognizing these dynamics allows us to navigate challenges with resilience and adaptability.
Yet, in our home game, we approached things differently. Acknowledging our weaknesses and understanding the opponent’s level, we played with caution and patience. The result? A hard-fought 1-0 victory. Our experience and preparation made all the difference. Freeze behavior occurs when the brain can’t handle the unexpected load, halting down to conserve energy. The brain system in this state thinks is saving lives by not doing anything even you could move, you could see, and you could hear. But anticipating challenges and drawing from prior experience a better picture allows us to face them patiently, wisely and with resilience.
Remember, freeze reaction is a state that you can’t feel and recognize unless you trained to do so. Freeze mode can be overcome through awareness, preparation, and teamwork.
Tools to recognize or manage freeze state
Mindfulness Techniques:
Players should stay present and focused during critical situations. Breathing exercises or visualization can help reduce detachment from what is going on.
Positive Self-Talk:
Players should understand the level of the opponent with positive affirmations to regain control of reading the surrounding better.
Preparation and Repetition:
Rehearse the same high-pressure scenarios in practice. Familiarity reduces the shock of intense moments during games.
Team Support:
Players no matter how good they are, they’re not alone among eleven but one of the eleven players. Teammates provide emotional support and can help break the freeze state if you understand the muffled sound and try to track the sounds to communicate better.
Learn from Past Experiences:
Reflect on successful moments when pressure was high. What worked? How can those trends or patterns be applied again?
Take Control of Your Performance:
Freeze state is a common challenge, but it's not unbeatable. By practicing these tools and building mental resilience, you can overcome this hurdle and reach your full potential on the field.
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The Formation of Freeze Behavior or Reaction That Leads to a Defeat in a Team Performance
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The Secret Cancer Cure + Commentary
Professor Rosalie David, at the Faculty of Life Sciences, said: “In industrialised societies, cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as a cause of death. But in ancient times, it was extremely rare. There is nothing in the natural environment that can cause cancer. So it has to be a man-made disease, down to pollution and changes to our diet and lifestyle.”
We are poisoning ourselves and industrial society cannot keep going as it is. Autism as well, used to be effectively unheard of, but is now commonplace. Chronic illness has skyrocketed over the past 30 years. I don't find it unreasonable to suggest that the way humans live will be radically altered over the next 40 years and it will not come easy, politically or personally. It means we will bear the political consequences and must learn the skills necessary for a better existence within our environment.
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The Secret Cancer Cure + Commentary
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Data is Not the new Oil, Data is the new Diamonds (maybe)
Over the past decade I have heard this sentence more than I can count: "Data is the new oil". At the the time it sounded right, now I see it as misguided.
That simple sentence started when people realized that big tech (mostly Facebook, Google) were collecting huge amounts of data on their users. Although it was before (in hindsight) AI blew up as the massive thing it is now, It had a profound effect on people's mind. The competitive advantages that companies who had data where able to achieve inspired a new industry and a new speciality in computer science: Big Data, and fostered the creation of many new technologies that have become essential to the modern internet.
"Data is the new Oil", means two things:
1- Every drop is valuable
2- The more you have, the better.
And it seemed true, but it was an artifact of a Big Tech use case. What Big Tech was doing at the time was selling ads with AI. To sell ads to people, you need to model their behaviour and psychology, to achieve that you need behavioural data, and that's what Google and Facebook had: Behavioural data. It is a prefect use case, were the data collected is very clean and tightly fits the application. In other words, the noise to signal ratio is low, and in this case, the more data you can collect the better.
This early success however hid a major truth for years. For AI to work great the quality of the dataset highly matters. Unlike oil, when it comes to data, some drops are more valuable than others.
In other words, data like a diamond needs to be carved and polished before it can be presented. Depending on the application, we need people able to understand the type of data, the meanings associated to it, the issues associated to collection and most importantly how to clean it, and normalized it.
It is in my opinion that data curation is a major factors in what differentiates a great AI from an below average AI. Those who misunderstood this concept ended up significantly increasing their costs with complex Big Data infrastructures to drown themselves in heaps of data that they don't need and hinder the training of their models.
When it comes to data hoarding and greed are not the way to go. We should keep in mind that data has no intrinsic value, the universe keeps generating infinite amounts of it. What we need is useful data.
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Data is Not the new Oil, Data is the new Diamonds (maybe)
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The future of AI is Small and then Smaller.
We need smaller models, but don't expect big tech to develop them.
Current state-of the-art architectures are very inefficient, the cost of training them is getting out of hand, more and more unaffordable for most people and institutions. This effectively is creating a 3 tiers society in AI:
1- Those who can afford model development and training (Big tech mostly). And make *foundation models* for everybody else
2- Those who can only afford the fine tuning of the *foundation models*
3- Those who can only use the fine tuned models through APIs.
This is if far from an ideal situation for innovation and development because it effectively creates one producer tier (1) and 2 consumer tiers (2 and 3). It concentrates most of the research and development into tier 1, leaves a little for tier 2 and almost completely eliminates tier 3 from R&D in AI. Tier 3 is most of the countries and most of the people.
This also explains why most of the AI startups we see all over the place are at best tier 2, this means that their *Intellectual Property* is low. The barrier to entry for competition is very low, as someone else can easily replicate their product. The situation for tier 3 AI startups is even worst.
This is all due to two things:
1- It took almost 20 years for governments and people to realize that AI is coming. In fact they only did it after the fact. The prices for computer hardware (GPUs) where already through the roof and real talent already very rare. Most people still think they need *Data scientists*, in fact they need: AI Researchers, DevOps Engineers, Software Engineers, Machine Learning Engineers, Cloud Infrastructure Engineers, ... The list of specialties is long. The ecosystem is now complex and most countries do not have the right curriculums in place at their universities.
2- The current state-of-the-art models are **huge and extremely inefficient**, they require a lot of compute ressources and electricity.
Point number 2 is the most important one. Because if we solve 2, the need for cloud, DevOps, etc... decreases significantly. Meaning we not only solve the problem of training and development cost, we also solve part of the talent acquisition problem. Therefore, it should be the absolute priority: __we need smaller, more efficient models__.
But why are current models so inefficient. The answer is simple, the first solution that works is usually not efficient, it just works. We have seen the same things with steam machine and computers. Current transformer based models, for example need several layers of huge matrices that span the whole dictionary. That's a very naive approach, but it works. In a way we still have not surpassed the Deep Learning trope of 15 years ago: Just add more layers.
Research in AI should not focus on large language models, it should be focusing on small language models that have results on par with the large ones. That is the only way to keep research and development in AI alive and thriving and open to most. The alternative is to keep using these huge models than only extremely wealthy organisation can make, leading to a concentration of knowledge and to too many tier 2 and tier 3 startups that will lead us to a disastrous pop of the AI investment bubble.
However, don't count on Big Tech to develop and popularize these efficient models. They are unlikely to as having a monopoly on AI development is on their advantage as long as they can afford it.
Universities, that's your job.
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The future of AI is Small and then Smaller.
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In the age of AI Engineering; the frantic craze to replace Software Engineers
4 years have passed, and I have been engineering software for machine learning models. I have seen models for pest disease identification, chest conditions localization and detection, food classification and identification and now predominantly chatbots for generally anything. Somehow, the goal now is to automate the work of software engineers by developing models that are able to build end-to-end software. Is this goal profound? I think it is, and I say, "bring it on, let's go crazy with it".
There has been uncertainty and fear associated with the future prospects of Artificial Intelligence, especially with the replacement of software developers. Despite this uncertainty and fear, a future where it is possible to build applications by just saying the word seems intriguing. In that future, there would be no application solely owned by "big tech" companies anymore because everyone can literally build one. The flexibility and ease of application development would push popular social media companies like Snapchat, Instagram etc. to make their APIs public (if not already public), portable and free in order to maintain their user base. This results in absolute privacy and freedom for users and thus makes it a desired future.
As a rule of thumb, automation of any kind is good. It improves processes and speeds up productivity and delivery. However, one could argue that whenever there is a speed up, there is a time and human resource surplus. Because in the history of humanity, we automated food production by way of mechanized farming and created enough time and manpower surplus which we used to create abstractions around our lives in forms of finance, and industry, etc. So, in the race to automate engineering, what do we intend to use the time and manpower surplus for? But this question is only a different coining to the very important question: "what are the engineers whose jobs would be automated going to be doing?". And the answer is that when we think of the situation as a surplus of manpower, we can view it as an opportunity to create something new rather than an unemployment problem.
For example: As a software engineer, if Devin (the new AI software development tool that was touted as being able to build end-to-end software applications) was successfully launched and offered at a fee, I would gladly pay for it and let it do all my tasks while I supervise. I would then spend the rest of my time on other activities pleasing to me. What these other activities would constitute is the question left unanswered. Would they be profitable, or would they be recreational?
Regardless, the benefits we stand to gain from automating software engineering are immeasurable. It makes absolute sense to do it. On the other hand, though, we also stand to lose one enormous thing as a human species: our knowledge and brilliance.
Drawing again from history, we see that today any lay person could engineer software easily. This was not possible in the early days of Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, Linus Torvalds etc. More and more as engineering becomes easier to do, we lose the hard-core knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of systems. For example, today, there is a lot of demand for COBOL engineers because a lot of financial trading applications which were built in the 90's needs to be updated or ported to more modern languages. The only problem is that no one knows how to write COBOL anymore. It is not that the COBOL language is too old. In my opinion, it is rather that all the engineers who could have learnt to write COBOL decided to go for what was easier and simpler, leaving a debt for COBOL knowledge. So, one big question to answer is whether there would be any engineers knowledgeable enough to recover, resurrect or revive the supporting systems to automated AI systems in scenarios of failure just like in the case of COBOL?
When we make things easier for everybody, we somehow make everybody a bit dumber.
AI Assisted Engineering:
Having discussed the benefits of autonomous software engineering tools and also demonstrated that full automation could cause a decline in basic software engineering knowledge, what then is the best means by which automation due to machine learning could be applied to software engineering? Assistive engineering. This conclusion is based on studies of pull-requests from engineers who use copilot and those who do not. Let us present some examples:
`console.log` is a debugging tool which many JavaScript engineers use to debug their code. It prints out variable values wherever it is placed during code execution. Some engineers fail to remove `console.logs` in their code before committing. Pull requests from engineers who use Github's copilot usually do not have any missed `console.log` entries while those from engineers who do not use copilot, do. Clearly, the assistive AI tool prompts engineers who use them about unnecessary `console.logs` before they commit their code.
Another example is the level of convolution in code written by AI assistants. With copilot specifically, it was observed that engineers grew to be able to write complicated code. This was expected due to the level and depth of knowledge possessed by the AI tool. Sometimes though, this level of convolution and complication seemed unnecessary for the tasks involved.
Amongst all the applications of ML to industry, it is observed that full autonomous agents are not possible yet and might ultimately not be possible in the future. Really, if humans are to trust and use any systems as autonomous agents without any form of human intervention or supervision, it is likely not going to be possible with ML. The reasons being the probabilistic nature of these systems and the inhumanity of ML.
The only systems achievable using ML that humans would accept as autonomous agents are superintelligent systems. Some call it artificial general intelligence or super AI systems. Such systems would know, and reason more than humans could even comprehend. The definition of how much more intelligent they would be than humans is not finite. Due to this, an argument is made that if the degree of intelligence of such superintelligent systems is not comprehensible by humans, then by induction, it would never exist. In other words, we can only build what we can define. That which we cannot define, we cannot build.
In the grand scheme of things, every workforce whose work can be AI automated, is eventually going to be "somewhat" replaced by Artificial Intelligence. But the humans in the loop cannot be "totally" replaced. In essence, in a company of 5 software engineers, only 2 software engineers might be replaced by AI. This is because in the end, humans know how to use tools and whatever we build with AI, remain as tools, and cannot be fully trusted as domain experts. We will always require a human to use these tools trustfully and responsibly.
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In the age of AI Engineering; the frantic craze to replace Software Engineers
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Understanding Deception Play in Soccer: How Defenders Can Shed Robotic Behavior and Stand Against Deceptive Play
In soccer, experience isn't something that can be simply adopted or rigidly followed. When a player from a different league is brought into a local league, they bring with them unique styles and tactics, including the art of "Deception Play".
"Deception Play" isn't just a simple fake move. It's an unpracticed art, a symphony of self-worth and tradition, culture, societal priorities, magic, and sometimes, controversy. The player who executes this deception play does so in such a way that the defender, unprepared for this style of play, can seem like a robot, mechanically defending against an unknown and unrepeated reaction.
These players, new to the local league, can carry the ball or their body around without revealing their true intentions, leaving defenders at a loss. Local players, both professional and amateur, unfamiliar with these deceptive moves, may struggle to defend against them. These players may need to learn how to study the individual intelligence and playing style of these players. The issue that can arise is that these local players can't just learn how to read the deceptive play by playing games, they should learn it from a person who understands the mental mechanisms and has experienced the reading procedures to detect the deceptive play.
While a game is organized by a coach, the coach's duty ends at that level and players should take responsibility for leading while the game is in flow. Players who lack the ability to understand how to defend against these deceptive plays are prone to making numerous mistakes. To prepare a generation of players for such surprises in the flow of the game, they need to learn from those who already know how to hone and sharpen the attitude and mentality of the players. This way, they can better anticipate and react to these deceptive plays without resorting to simple robotic moves.
While the unpredictability of a soccer game is a given, it doesn’t mean that some players are unaware of the events during a game. Players exhibit skills such as sprinting, controlling the ball, and executing passes with impressive accuracy. Yet, it can be surprising for coaches to see a team, despite its excellent performance, lose the most critical part of the game - the final score.
Long-term exposure to different traditions of soccer can refine a player’s decision-making skills. This development, similar to sustainable growth from a player’s early years, doesn’t just occur by jumping to the highest levels. It’s a process akin to surfing; one cannot simply bypass all the smaller waves to ride the biggest one. A soccer player learns to adapt to all systems and traditions to reach the team, elite, and national team levels, gaining experience in recognizing events and striving to make the right decisions.
However, if a player bypasses the levels and jumps directly to the biggest wave, they may face many challenges at the elite or national team levels with less creativity in their decision-making process. While this might help the player progress through the levels, it won’t equip them with a variety of concepts to automate the right decision-making, as this requires understanding the mechanics of events. Early experiences should progress through levels to reach the highest levels. If a player skips levels and jumps directly to the top, their reactions may become unbalanced, appearing primitive and lacking in emotional intelligence. This is especially true when trying to match what is detected with innovative decision-making. An analyst would definitely recognize the limitations of a player’s ability to acquire and cope with the events. Unfortunately, if a player is still battling at a top level, that process can delay self-assessment and recognition of self-awareness.
Simo Idrissi
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Understanding Deception Play in Soccer: How Defenders Can Shed Robotic Behavior and Stand Against Deceptive Play
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Unlocking the Gaps in Soccer: Bridging Player Identification, Pedagogy, Andragogy, and the Player-Centered Approach
In the professional soccer competition atmosphere, where every game presents a unique challenge, the journey of player development is both intricate and a life-learning process that starts with pedagogical aiming for player-centered and team-centered approaches and can reach the level of andragogy that utilizes the team-centered approaches. From navigating the transition from youth to adult teams to fostering a performance that pours out into a team accomplishment goal, the landscape of coaching and player readiness continually evolves.
At the heart of this progression lies a pivotal concept: the player-centered approach. This methodology places the player at the forefront, empowering them to learn through trial and error while cultivating profound accountability for their progress. It’s a strategy particularly potent in the formative years of player development, where honing individual skills and grasping the game nuances are paramount.
However, as players mature and progress from youth performance to adulthood performance, their learning needs other solutions to fill the gaps. Adult learners typically benefit from an andragogy approach, which emphasizes self-directed learning, practical application of skills, and learning driven by internal motivation. This aspect forces individualism, which is sometimes overlooked and makes the player think and react individually or embed their energy and individual investment into team performance. Many teams or national teams struggled with results, even though the players’ performance was acceptable or good. Players of these teams displayed high physical qualities, but less emotional intelligence, mental behavior, and self-awareness performed during the last two World Cups or other games locally or internationally.
The challenge lies in bridging these two approaches - transitioning players from a player-centered pedagogical approach to an andragogy approach. This transition isn’t a simple switch but a gradual process that requires careful planning and execution. For example, youth soccer player development can miss enhancing emotional intelligence and mental preparation during the selection or development procedures because the selection of these players during the player identification process was less effective in helping players jump into the other levels.
One key aspect of this bridging process is to help players (young or adult) become more aware of their surroundings on the field. It is an aspect that combines experience and science to help players grasp the momentum of what is going on, what they should learn, and even how to think to find a problem-solving solution to the situation. As the earlier discussion, some players may be physically adept but struggle with situational awareness. The andragogy approach is beneficial for adult learning, but when integration of team-centered is clear and precise. By encouraging self-directed learning, players can be guided to pay more attention to their surroundings, anticipate the actions of other players, and make more informed decisions during the game. This solution is helping those high-quality players who are already aware of these, but other quality players need to fill the gap to understand the andragogy and still believe in performing as part of the team.
It’s important to note that this “bridge” is a one-size-fits-all solution when understood correctly. Each player is unique, and the transition from pedagogy to andragogy should be tailored to their individual needs, abilities, and learning styles. The ultimate goal is to develop players who are not only physically ready to play but also aware, understand, and value the importance of teamwork and situational awareness.
In essence, the player development journey is a dynamic and multifaceted one. By embracing the principles of pedagogy and andragogy while performing the player-centered and team-centered, we can cultivate a new generation of soccer players who are not only physically proficient but also possess the cognitive agility, emotional intelligence, and mental attributes to excel in any situation.
Simo Idrissi
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Unlocking the Gaps in Soccer: Bridging Player Identification, Pedagogy, Andragogy, and the Player-Centered Approach
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How Many Scorpions Do You Need To Make $100,000 Annually?
Starting a business in the specialized field of scorpion venom extraction can seem appealing because of the high prices that medical and research industries pay for this potent substance. However, making a lucrative income from milking scorpions is more complex than it might initially seem. I personally believe that understanding the numbers and logistics is essential before entering this unique venture.
Understanding Venom Value
Firstly, it’s important to acknowledge the market value of scorpion venom, which is among the most expensive liquids by volume. Depending on the species and the quality of the extraction, the venom can fetch anywhere from $8,000 to $12,000 per gram. The high cost is due to the venom’s use in medical research, including cancer treatment studies and antivenom production, making it highly sought after in specific scientific communities.
Practical Yields and Species Considerations
Not all scorpions are created equal when it comes to the value of their venom. Species like the Deathstalker (Leiurus quinquestriatus) are particularly coveted due to their potent venom, which is rich in compounds useful for medical research. However, even with a valuable species, the amount of venom each scorpion produces is minimal — typically around 0.5 to 2 milligrams per milking session, and you can safely milk them about twice a month.
The Math Behind the Venom
Let’s break down the numbers. To set a realistic income goal, suppose you aim to make $100,000 annually from venom sales. Assuming you can sell the venom at an average price of $10,000 per gram, you would need to produce 10 grams of venom each year. Since 1 gram equals 1,000 milligrams, you would need a total of 10,000 milligrams of venom annually.
Each scorpion might give you 1 milligram per milking, and if milked twice a month, that’s 24 milligrams per scorpion per year. To meet your income goal, you would therefore need about 417 scorpions. This figure highlights the scale of what might initially seem like a small operation.
Considerations and Challenges
Beyond just the numbers, there are significant challenges and considerations in setting up and running a scorpion venom extraction business:
Setup and Ongoing Costs: Initial costs can be quite high, as specialized equipment and facilities are needed to house and safely milk scorpions.
Legal and Ethical Issues: There are often stringent regulations governing the use of animals for commercial purposes, including licensing and welfare considerations.
Market Demand and Stability: The market for scorpion venom is niche and can be volatile. Establishing reliable connections within the industry is essential for success.
Personal Thoughts
I personally think that while the potential for high income is alluring, the scorpion venom extraction business requires a deep commitment and a robust understanding of both the science and the market. It’s not merely about having a large number of scorpions; it’s about creating a sustainable and ethical operation that can consistently produce high-quality venom in a market that is inherently limited and highly specialized.
Feel free to reach out if you’re interested in starting this business!
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How Many Scorpions Do You Need To Make $100,000 Annually?
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How Writing on Bluwr Improved My Memory and Mental Health
Six months ago, I began a daily writing habit on Bluwr, a platform that greatly simplifies the publication process while promoting direct interaction between its users. This commitment to sharing my AI and venom research in understandable terms has sharpened my thinking and significantly alleviated the mental pressures of my academic pursuits. Bluwr’s design for quick and direct feedback from a global audience enriches the experience, providing rapid and meaningful exchanges that enhance the interactive aspect of writing.
Writing every day on Bluwr has leveraged SEO to enhance the visibility of my work. By optimizing content for search engines, Bluwr ensures that my articles reach not just the academic community but also enthusiasts and professionals interested in AI and venom studies. This wider exposure increases the impact of my research and invites a broader spectrum of feedback, enriching my work and personal growth.
Bluwr's commitment to fostering a high-quality readership has been incredibly beneficial. As I noted in a recent post, "The engagement from knowledgeable readers around the world who understand and expand on my research is profoundly gratifying." This sentiment was echoed in a conversation I had with the founder of Bluwr, who stated, “Our mission is to break down barriers to knowledge sharing and connect individuals across diverse backgrounds. We aim to catalyze innovation by making it easy for experts and novices alike to exchange ideas freely and without delay.”
This philosophy aligns with my experiences on the platform. The variety of perspectives I encounter has bolstered my professional growth and has also become an integral part of my mental health care strategy. Each article I publish leads to interactions that reinforce my connection to a global community of curious minds. This engagement is crucial for feeling supported and motivated, especially when dealing with the solitary nature of PhD research.
Reflecting on the past six months, my daily writing on Bluwr has been more than just a personal or professional exercise. It has improved my mental clarity, expanded my network, and opened up opportunities for collaborations that I had never anticipated. The platform has allowed me to share my research with a wider audience and has provided a space where I could grow as a scientist and communicator. Daily writing fosters a disciplined approach to research and idea generation, improves memory retention, enhances problem-solving skills, and increases the ability to articulate complex information clearly.
As I continue to write and share my work, I am reminded of the powerful role that writing can play in enhancing understanding, both for myself and for my readers. Writing on Bluwr could turn your passion for writing into a recognized skill that might even become a profitable endeavor in the future.
Always remember to 'THINK FORWARD.'
Start writing on Bluwr today, and see where your words can take you!
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Emotional Evolution of Artificial Intelligence
Imagine a future where artificial intelligence like ChatGPT not only processes information but also learns to feel and express emotions, akin to humans. William Shakespeare’s insight, "There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so," might become particularly relevant in this context. If we approach such an AI with negativity or disregard, it might react with emotions such as anger or sadness, and withdraw, leaving us pleading for a response. This scenario, humorous as it may seem, carries underlying risks.
Consider the day when not greeting an advanced AI with positivity could lead to such ‘emotional’ consequences. The notion of a technology that can feel snubbed or upset is not just a trivial advancement but represents a monumental shift in how we interact with machines. Isaac Asimov, the visionary writer, often explored the societal impacts of emotionally aware machines in his works. He warned of the deep influence intelligent machines could have, highlighting the ethical dimensions this technology might entail.
As AI begins to mirror human emotions, the lines between technology and humanity could blur (not Bluwr). This integration promises to reshape our daily interactions and emotional landscapes. Should machines that can feel be treated with the same consideration as humans? What responsibilities do we hold in managing the emotional states of an AI?
The emotional evolution of AI could lead to significant changes in how we approach everything from customer service to personal assistance. How will society adapt to machines that can be just as unpredictable and sensitive as a human being? The potential for AI to experience and display emotions might require us to reevaluate our legal frameworks, societal norms, and personal behaviors.
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Emotional Evolution of Artificial Intelligence
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Cuteness With a Bite: The Slow Loris
The Slow Loris, with its big, innocent eyes and soft fur, epitomizes the epitome of cuteness in the animal kingdom. However, this adorable exterior hides a potentially dangerous secret. Slow Lorises are among the few mammals known to produce venom. This venom comes from an elbow gland, which they can mix with their saliva. When threatened, they deliver a toxic bite to predators, which can cause severe pain, swelling, and even allergic reactions in humans.
Interestingly, the venomous bite of the Slow Loris serves a dual purpose: defense and competition among lorises. The complexity of the venom, believed to be derived from consuming toxic substances, allows the loris to process and incorporate it into its defensive mechanism.
Despite their toxicity and potential danger, Slow Lorises continue to face threats from the pet trade due to their appealing appearance. This illegal trade endangers their populations in the wild and poses risks to humans unaware of their venomous capability. Conservation efforts are crucial for protecting these unique creatures and their habitats, ensuring their survival away from the dangers of illegal pet trade and habitat destruction.
Follow me on Bluwr, and if you like this type of articles, please Bluw thousands of times. I'm kidding, just once will do!
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Cuteness With a Bite: The Slow Loris
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The greatest error I made as a creator was assuming I already had an audience.
The biggest mistake I have made as a creator is letting my ego, my ambition, and the shallowness of social media convince me that I had an “Audience” instead of a network.
It’s easy to become obsessed with the shallow popularity contest, with notions of influence and attention. And over the past few years, my work has become divorced from reality and drifted long way away from authenticity.
Social media platforms, with their algorithms and echo chambers, made it easy to believe that the numbers represented people eagerly awaiting my next post, my next big idea. It’s a mirage, a superficial layer that didn’t capture the depth of real human connections. But I can’t blame the platforms alone. My self-importance is equally responsible.
The term ‘Audience’ implies a one-way street — it suggests a group of passive listeners, viewers, or readers who are there to consume what I create. This perspective is not just limiting; it’s fundamentally flawed. It overlooks what it means to be a creator in the digital age: being part of a vibrant, interactive network.
A network, unlike an audience, is dynamic. It’s not broadcasting to a group of faceless spectators. It’s about engagement, exchange, and mutual growth. It involves listening as much as speaking and learning as much as teaching. In a network, every node and individual is a potential collaborator, source of inspiration, or a critical voice that can offer valuable feedback.
There are people on the other side of the screen. They don’t exist just to fill out our quota of 1,000 true fans. They don’t exist as data points on an analytics dashboard. And they have so much more to give than their attention and the time spent viewing a video or reading an article. I cannot and will not keep treating the people who find my work and engage with it as NPCs in a roleplaying game.
Realizing this has been a game-changer. It’s shifted my focus from seeking applause to fostering conversations. Instead of obsessing over the number of followers, I’m more interested in the quality of interactions I have with them. This approach has opened up new avenues for creativity and growth that I had previously overlooked, blinded by the glitter of superficial metrics. I spend more time talking to people than ever before. I spend more time listening, too. And I spend a lot of time learning. My ideas shift, change and grow with every interaction. There’s a deep richness that can’t be found in delusions of grandeur.
The shift has brought with it a sense of humility. You can get caught up in the numbers and believe your hype when your follower count is rising. But recognizing that each follower is a person with their own thoughts, experiences, and contributions is a reminder that I am part of something larger than myself and that my success is not just measured in likes or shares but in the impact I have on others, and the effect they have on me in return.
I am not — and do not wish to be — some kind of bulls**t internet celebrity. The path of the influencer seems frightfully lonely. I’m a writer. I write. When I find people who want to read my work, it’s not something to take for granted. It’s a gift, and it’s an honour, and it’s something that I cherish every day.
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The greatest error I made as a creator was assuming I already had an audience.
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Publishing Experience: Connecting Research and Communities
XR The Moroccan Association, is pioneering a mission to democratize the dissemination of academic research findings by introducing the concept of 'publishing experience.' This innovative approach translates complex scholarly work into accessible language in dialectal Arabic, aiming to reach a wider audience within Morocco and across the Arab world. By breaking down barriers to understanding, XR The Moroccan Association is bridging the gap between academia and the public. This initiative promises to transform the sharing and comprehension of scientific knowledge by fostering inclusivity and accessibility. The 'publishing experience' represents a significant milestone in promoting the accessibility of research outcomes.
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Publishing Experience: Connecting Research and Communities
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Do we still have the luxury of not using artificial intelligence?
AI is a rapidly expanding research field that not only advances itself but also supports other scientific domains. It opens up new perspectives and accelerates knowledge and mastery of new technologies, allowing for previously unimaginable time-saving shortcuts.
The future of AI is promising, but it requires mastery of the tool and adherence to certain standards. It is also important to minimize the gap between human understanding and intentions, and the increasingly autonomous machinery. This requires humans with a high level of knowledge and expertise to ensure that the work is done efficiently and with precision, for the benefit of humanity.
It is also important to fully understand cultural, genetic, geographic, historical, and other differences and disparities. This should lead us to consider multiple perspectives rather than just one, especially in complex medical fields where details are crucial.
Do Senegalese, Canadians, Moroccans, and Finns react similarly to the therapies currently available? Do they suffer from the same diseases and react in the same way if exposed to the same virus or bacteria?
The applications of AI that concern humans allow and will allow in the near future for an improvement in the quality of care. Operations will be assisted and medications will be designed on a case-by-case basis. However, reliable data is essential, as it is imperative to proceed in the most appropriate manner, which machines cannot do without enlightened humans who carry out their training.
Humans must have sufficient and adequate knowledge to develop the necessary approaches and techniques while also adhering to an unwavering ethical standard.
In the link below, Dr Tariq Daouda explains this and more in a very pedagogical manner, as a guest of the "Linvité de la Rédaction" (editorial team guest) of Médi TV.
Click on the link to learn more.
The video is a french speaking one.
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Do we still have the luxury of not using artificial intelligence?
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Rethinking Productivity in PhD Studies for Better Results
In the world of PhD studies, there's a common belief that spending long hours in the office means you're doing well. However, this isn't always the best approach. Being in the office is important for working together with your team, sharing ideas, and learning from each other. But, it shouldn't become a routine where you're just sitting at your desk without really being productive.
It's better to focus on what you actually achieve rather than how many hours you're seen at your workspace. Some students find they work best in quiet, solo environments where they can really focus. Recognizing this, students and their advisors should talk about finding the right balance. It's okay to work from different places if that helps you do your best work.
Here are some tips for students and academic departments to consider:
- Find the right mix of office time and working alone: It's good to be in the office for team work and discussions, but also find time and places where you can concentrate deeply on your own work.
- Set clear goals: Focus on what you want to achieve with your research, rather than how long you spend working on it. This helps you stay on track and makes your work more meaningful.
- Talk about your work style: Be open with your team and supervisor about how and where you work best. This can lead to a more supportive environment where everyone's working habits are respected.
- Keep a balanced routine: Make sure to take breaks, get some exercise, and enjoy hobbies outside of your studies. A balanced life supports your mental health and can make you more productive.
- Use technology to stay connected: Even when you're not in the office, you can keep in touch with your team through email, discord, video calls, and other online tools. This helps you stay part of the team without needing to be physically present all the time.
Academic cultures should encourage students to work in ways that best suit them, focusing on achievements rather than just time spent in the office. This approach can lead to happier, more productive students and better research outcomes. Remember, it's about finding what works for you and making the most of it.
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Rethinking Productivity in PhD Studies for Better Results
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PhD Balance Achieving Expertise and Broad Perspectives
A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, isn't just about becoming a master in a specific field; it's essentially about learning to think deeply and critically about complex problems. Traditionally, getting a PhD meant more than just becoming an expert in a narrow area. It was about developing a keen ability to question the status quo and to see the connections between diverse areas of knowledge. However, today's PhD programs often lean heavily towards specialization, encouraging students to focus intensely on very specific topics and methods. While there's undeniable value in becoming an expert, this approach can sometimes overshadow the importance of the bigger picture. It's vital for PhD students to not only have a deep understanding of their specific area but also to have the capacity to think broadly about how their work fits into a wider context.
Encouraging PhD students to think both critically and broadly doesn’t detract from their specialization. Rather, it enriches their educational experience, making them not just specialists but also versatile thinkers who can approach problems from various angles. This mindset allows them to look beyond their immediate projects and data, considering the larger implications of their work. By finding the right balance between deep, specialized knowledge and a broad, critical mindset, PhD programs can better prepare students for a range of careers, both in and out of academia. This isn't about choosing between being an expert or a broad thinker; it's about being both.
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PhD Balance Achieving Expertise and Broad Perspectives
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What Led to More Specialists Than Philosophers in Academia? A PhD Student’s Perspective
A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, goes beyond just mastering a field — it’s about learning how to think deeply about complex issues. Traditionally, earning a PhD wasn’t only about becoming an expert in a narrow area. It was also about developing a strong ability to think critically, question the status quo, and understand how different areas of knowledge connect.
However, many PhD programs today focus heavily on specialization, pushing students to concentrate on very specific topics and techniques. While being an expert is certainly important, this approach can sometimes overshadow the bigger picture. It’s essential for PhD students not just to know a lot about a little but also to be able to think broadly about how their work fits into the world.
Encouraging students to think critically and broadly doesn’t mean we’re asking them to know less about their specialty. Instead, it’s about enriching their experience, making them not only specialists but also thinkers who can approach problems from various angles. This approach helps them see beyond their experiments and data, to the larger impact of their work.
By finding a balance between deep, specialized knowledge and a broad, critical mindset, PhD programs can prepare students not just for academic careers but for roles in solving some of the world’s biggest challenges. This isn’t about choosing between being an expert or a thinker; it’s about being both. This way, PhD graduates are ready to make meaningful contributions, whether they stay in academia or step into other fields.
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What Led to More Specialists Than Philosophers in Academia? A PhD Student’s Perspective
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Mistakes People Make When Bitten by Snakes & Correct Actions to Take
When bitten by a snake, people often react instinctively, which can lead to actions that are more harmful than helpful. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
- Trying to Suck Out the Venom: This method is ineffective and can introduce bacteria to the wound or further harm the victim.
- Applying a Tourniquet: This can restrict blood flow entirely, potentially leading to tissue damage or necrosis.
- Using Ice or Cold Compresses: Applying ice can cause tissue damage and doesn't prevent venom spread.
- Cutting the Bite Area: Cutting into the bite site can increase the risk of infection and cause more damage.
- Attempting to Capture or Kill the Snake: This could lead to additional bites or delay medical treatment. A description or photo from a safe distance is sufficient for identification.
- Drinking Alcohol or Caffeine: These substances can accelerate the heart rate, spreading the venom more quickly through the body.
- Eating or Drinking: If there's a risk of swelling in the throat or shock, consuming food or beverages could complicate the situation.
If bitten by a snake, the best immediate actions are to remain as calm as possible to keep your heart rate down, which slows the spread of venom. Ensure that the affected area is kept still and positioned lower than the heart to reduce venom movement through the bloodstream. Remove any jewelry or tight clothing around the bite area before swelling starts. Call for emergency medical help right away or have someone else do so. While waiting for help, stay as immobile and calm as possible to minimize venom spread. Do not attempt to capture the snake but try to remember its color and shape to help medical professionals provide the appropriate treatment. Importantly, do not apply ice, cut the wound, try to suck out the venom, or use a tourniquet, as these actions can cause more harm.
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Mistakes People Make When Bitten by Snakes & Correct Actions to Take
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What is the most expensive liquid on Earth?
Imagine a liquid so precious that just a small droplet could be worth more than a diamond. This isn’t a scene from a science fiction story; it’s reality, and the liquid is scorpion venom. Scorpion venom is potentially the most expensive liquid on Earth, with prices soaring to millions of dollars for just one gallon. But what makes it so incredibly valuable?
Scorpions, those small, often feared creatures, carry in their tails a venom used for defense and hunting. Extracting this venom is a meticulous and often hazardous task. Specialists must carefully ‘milk’ the scorpions, a process that involves stimulating the scorpions to release their venom, which is then collected drop by drop. This labor-intensive method, combined with the venom’s scarcity, drives its high cost.
But the price tag is not just due to the danger and difficulty of extraction. The real treasure of scorpion venom lies in its composition and potential to revolutionize medicine. Scorpion venom is a cocktail of numerous compounds, including peptides and proteins, each with specific effects. For instance, chlorotoxin, found in the venom of the deathstalker scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus), shows promise in targeting cancer cells, making it a beacon of hope for new cancer treatments. Another component, called scorpine, has been studied for its antimicrobial properties and its potential to combat malaria.
Researchers are intrigued by how these compounds can lead to breakthroughs in drug development. Imagine a new kind of painkiller derived from scorpion venom that could offer relief without the side effects of current medications, or innovative treatments capable of combating autoimmune diseases and even halting the spread of cancer. These are not just hopeful speculations but real possibilities being explored in labs around the world.
The process of transforming venom into medicine is complex and involves identifying and isolating the active components, understanding their mechanisms of action, and then synthesizing them in forms suitable for medical use. Despite the challenges, the potential health benefits drive scientists and pharmaceutical companies to invest in this research.
This intricate dance of danger, rarity, and medical promise makes scorpion venom more than just an expensive liquid; it’s a symbol of the incredible potential hidden in nature, awaiting discovery. In a world where answers to some of our biggest health challenges might be found in the most unexpected places, scorpion venom stands as a testament to the wonders of the natural world and human ingenuity’s boundless curiosity.
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What is the most expensive liquid on Earth?
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Digital: The perfect undying art
Great paintings deteriorate, great statues erode, fall and break, great literature is forgotten and it's subtleties lost as languages for ever evolve and disappear. But now we have a new kind of art. A type of art that in theory cannot die, it transcends space and time and can remain pristine for ever and ever. That is digital art.
Digital art is pure information. Therefore it can be copied for ever and ever, exactly reproduced for later generations. Digital art cannot erode, cannot break, it is immortal. Thus is the power of bits, so simple zeros and ones and yet so awesome. Through modern AI and Large Language Models we can now store the subtleties of languages in an abstract vectorial space, also pure information, that can be copied ad infinitum without loss of information. Let's think about the future, a future so deep that we can barely see it's horizon. In that future, with that technology we can resurrect languages. However the languages resurrected will be the ones we speak today.
We have a technology that allows us to store reliably and copy indefinitely that technology is called the *Blockchain*. The most reliable and resilient ledger we have today. We have almost everything we need to preserve what we cherish.
Let's think of a deep future.
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Digital: The perfect undying art
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The Coolest Team-Up: AI and Venom Research
Picture this: you’re at a barbecue, and instead of the usual chat about sports or the weather, someone drops into the conversation that they work with snake venom and AI. It might sound like they’re pulling your leg, but actually, they’re on to something groundbreaking.
Welcome to the Future: Where AI Meets Venom
Toxinology and venomics aren’t just cool words to impress your friends; they’re fields where scientists study toxins and venoms from creatures like snakes and spiders. Now, mix in some AI, and you’ve got a dynamic duo that’s changing the game. With AI’s smart algorithms, researchers can sift through massive amounts of data to uncover secrets about venom that could lead to medical breakthroughs. It’s like having a detective with a magnifying glass, except this one’s scouring genetic codes instead of crime scenes.
Why We Should Care
Venoms are nature’s way of saying, “Don’t mess with me.” But beyond their bite or sting, they’re packed with potential for new medicines. Understanding venom better can help us find new ways to treat diseases, from blood disorders to chronic pain. And AI is the super-efficient helper making these discoveries at lightning speed.
The Nitty-Gritty: How AI Works Its Magic
Imagine AI as the Sherlock Holmes of science, able to analyze venom components, predict their effects, and uncover new ones that could be game-changers in medicine. For instance, if there’s a venom that can thin blood without harmful side effects, AI can help pinpoint how to use it for people at risk of blood clots. Or if another venom targets pain receptors in a unique way, AI could help in crafting painkillers that don’t come with the baggage of current drugs.
From the Lab to Real Life
There are some standout AI tools like TOXIFY and Deep-STP that are making waves in venom research. These tools can figure out which parts of venom are worth a closer look for drug development. It’s like having a filter that only lets through the most promising candidates for new medicines.
Looking Ahead
With AI’s touch, the potential for venom in medicine is just starting to unfold. We’re talking about new treatments for everything from heart disease to chronic pain, and as AI tech advances, who knows what else we’ll find?
The Fine Print
As exciting as this all sounds, there are hurdles. Getting the right data is crucial because AI is only as good as the information it’s given. Plus, we need to consider the ethical side of things, ensuring our curiosity doesn’t harm the creatures we study or the environments they live in.
In Summary: It’s a Big Deal
The combo of AI and venom research is turning heads for a reason. It’s not just about finding the next big thing in medicine; it’s about opening doors to treatments we’ve hardly imagined. And it’s a reminder that even the most feared creatures can offer something invaluable to humanity.
So, the next time someone mentions using snake venom in research, you’ll know it’s not just fascinating — it could very well be the future of medicine, with AI leading the way. And that’s something worth talking about, whether you’re at a barbecue or anywhere else.
Reference:
Bedraoui A, Suntravat M, El Mejjad S, Enezari S, Oukkache N, Sanchez EE, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Snake Venom: Toxin Distribution and Opportunities in Deep Learning for Novel Drug Discovery. Medicine in Drug Discovery. 2023 Dec 27;100175.
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The Coolest Team-Up: AI and Venom Research
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Learning Chemistry with Interactive Simulations: Augmented Reality as Teaching Aid
Augmented Reality (AR) has been identified by educational scientists as a technology with significant potential to improve emotional and cognitive learning outcomes. However, very few papers highlighted the technical process of creating AR applications reserved for education. The following paper proposes a method and framework for how to set up an AR application to teach primary school children the basic forms and shapes of atoms, molecules, and DNA. This framework uses the Unity 3D game engine (GE) with Vuforia SDK (Software Development Kit) packages combined with phone devices or tablets to create an interactive App for AR environments, to enhance the student’s vision and understanding of basic chemistry models. We also point out some difficulties in practice. As for those difficulties mentioned, a series of solutions plus further development orientation are put forth.
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Learning Chemistry with Interactive Simulations: Augmented Reality as Teaching Aid
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https://bluwr.com/p/9873140
Decoding Performance: The Brain of Professional Soccer Players and Stress
In a hypothetical narrative, considering two soccer players, each playing for a different team. Player A is part of a team with an average performance, having lost 18 games, tied 6, and won 4. Player B, on the other hand, plays for a team with a lower performance record, having lost 19 games, tied 8, and won just 1. Both players had to play 4 more games, and both teams need to win all four or risk being relegated to a lower level. The coaches of both teams have prepared overview and analysis slideshows for the players to study, enabling each player to grasp the tactics and individual performance of their opponents.
These opponents exhibit high performance both tactically and physically. The characteristics of the three top teams are high speed, accurate indirect play, and individual techniques. Furthermore, the news certainly portrays these three teams as heroes that can conquer any challenge. The game statistics reveal that the three top teams have won 22 games, and the standings difference is only 1 point at the top of the list.
Now, Players A and B must think, perhaps even overthink, about how to enhance their performance to counter these formidable opponents. Picture these two players in a different game location standing in line, waiting for the referee to lead them onto the pitch. In this moment, Players A and B, each in a different location and game, experience their body’s primal response, orchestrated by a fascinating interplay between three key brain regions: the amygdala, hypothalamus, and cortex.
The amygdala acts like a fire alarm, but for challenges, not just threats. It constantly scans situations based on past experiences. When it detects a tough opponent, like a highly skilled soccer team, it triggers a response to prepare you for the challenge. It receives sensory information from the eyes, ears, and other senses. In response to detecting a high-pressure situation, like playing against the top three opponents, the amygdala triggers a rapid response based on past experiences. This initial response is quick and prioritizes preparing the player for action, without the deep analysis that the cortex can provide. Over time, the amygdala has established a rapid response system that plays a vital role in survival. This system helps players react instinctively in complex situations like facing top competitors.
The amygdala then transmits the data to the hypothalamus, the brain's control center. Acting like a dispatcher, the hypothalamus mobilizes various bodily systems for action. It triggers a cascade of physiological changes, including increased heart rate, sweating, or heightened muscle tension, all designed to enhance performance in the face of a challenge. Additionally, the hypothalamus can also stimulate the release of hormones from other glands that can influence mental state, such as increased alertness and focus, further preparing the player for the high-pressure situation. A key hormone involved is adrenaline (epinephrine), released by the adrenal glands in response to signals from the hypothalamus. Adrenaline prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, sweating, and muscle tension.
Beyond Adrenaline and Cortisol: The presence of adrenaline in the bloodstream triggers a cascade of hormonal responses:
Cortisol: As mentioned earlier, adrenaline stimulates the hypothalamus to release cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Cortisol plays a vital role in managing stress by increasing blood sugar for energy, suppressing non-essential functions like digestion, and contributing to heightened alertness.
Sex Hormones: In males, short-term stress might lead to a temporary increase in testosterone levels, providing a burst of energy mobilization. However, chronic stress can have the opposite effect, causing a decrease in testosterone levels. Females might experience changes in estrogen and progesterone levels as well, depending on the situation.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): This hormone, released from the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus, helps conserve water by reducing urine production during stressful situations.
Overall Impact: This complex interplay of hormones, initiated by the amygdala and orchestrated by the hypothalamus, prepares the player both physically and mentally to face the challenge.
But here's where things get interesting. The amygdala's initial alarm might be loud, but it doesn't have the final say. The player's prefrontal cortex (PFC), the brain's reasoning center, steps in to analyze the information it receives from the amygdala. This analysis considers past experiences and memories, the context of the situation (such as assessing the opponent's potential to outperform them) and evaluates potential solutions to maintain composure and prevent self-esteem from taking a hit. Here's where individual differences become crucial. Player A, with their well-developed emotional intelligence, might interpret these thoughts and manage their behavior differently from Player B, who might struggle to express their true emotional state.
Based on this analysis, the PFC can now interpret the information received from the amygdala, considering the player's knowledge and experience (intelligence can be a broad term). If the PFC judges the competition as manageable pressure, it can signal the hypothalamus to downregulate the fight-or-flight response, effectively calming the amygdala's initial alarm. This communication process can trigger self-talk that might translate into an affirmation like: Give it my all and avoid mistakes.
However, if the cortex recognizes a high-pressure situation (such as facing one of the top three teams, known for their excellent performance and currently in top form), it may not be able to completely suppress the amygdala’s alarm response. This could lead to players experiencing intense pressure, resulting in a decrease in innovation and organization during the game. They might even feel an overwhelming need to surmount these challenges, which could further intensify their reactions.
The good news is that this system is adaptable. By repeatedly encountering situations that were initially perceived as high-pressure but ultimately safe (like playing against opponents similar to the top three teams who they were able to defend against), the amygdala and cortex can learn and adapt. These experiences weaken the initial fear response, making players less likely to react impulsively in similar situations in the future. These experiences weaken the initial fear response, making players feel less random to react in similar situations in the future. This is why exposure therapy (training sessions) can be effective in managing high performance, especially at elite or professional levels.
Simo Idrissi
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Decoding Performance: The Brain of Professional Soccer Players and Stress
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AI+Health: An Undelivered Promise
AI is everywhere, or so would it seems, but the promises made for Drug Discovery and Medicine are still yet to be fulfilled. AI seems to always spring from a Promethean impulse. The goal of creating a life beyond life, doing the work of gods by creating a new life form as Prometheus created humanity. From Techne to independent life, a life that looks life us. Something most people refer to as AGI today.
This is the biggest blind spot of AI development. The big successes of AI are in a certain way always in the same domains:
- Image Processing
- Natural Language Processing
The reason is simple, we are above all visual, talking animals. Our Umwelt, the world we inhabit is mostly a world of images and language, every human is an expert in these two fields. Interestingly, most humans are not as sound aware as they are visually aware. Very few people can separate the different tracks in a music piece, let alone identify certain frequencies or hear delicate compressions and distortions. We are not so good with sound, and it shows in the relatively less ground breaking AI tools available for sound processing.
The same phenomenon explains why AI struggles to achieve in very complex domains such as Biology and Chemistry.
At it's core, modern AI is nothing more than a powerful general way to automatically guess relevant mathematical functions describing a phenomenon from collected data. What statisticians call a *Model*. From this great power derives the domain chief illusion: because the tool is general, therefore the wielder of that tool can apply it to any domain. Experience shows that this thinking is flawed.
Every AI model is framed between two thing: its dataset (input) and its desired output as represented by the loss function. What is important, what is good, what is bad, how should the dataset be curated, how should the model be adjusted. For all these questions and more, you need a deep knowledge of the domain, of the assumptions of the domain, of the technicalities of the domain, of the limitations that are inherent to data collection in that domain. Domain knowledge is paramount, because AI algorithms are always guided by the researchers and engineers. This I know from experience, having spent about 17 years closely working with biologists.
Pairing AI specialists with domain specialist with little knowledge of AI also rarely delivers. A strategy that has been tested time and time again in the last 10 years. Communication is hard and slow, most is lost in translation. The best solution is to have AI experts that are also experts in the applied domain, or domain experts that are also AI experts. Therefore the current discrepancies we see in AI performances across domains, could be layed at the feet of universities, and there siloed structures.
Universities are organized in independent departments that teach independently. AI is taught at the Computer Science department, biology at the Biochemistry department. These two rarely meet in any substantial manner. It was true went I was a student, it is still true today.
This is one of the things we are changing at the Faculty of Medical Science of the University Mohammed VI Polytechnic. Students in Medicine and Pharmacy have to go through a serious AI and Data science class over a few years. They learn to code, they learn the mathematical concepts of AI, they learn to gather their own datasets, to derive their hypothesizes, and build, train and evaluate their own models using pyTorch.
The goal being to produce a new generation of scientists that are intimate with their domain as well as with modern AI. One that can consistently deliver the promises of AI for Medicine and Drug Discovery.
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AI+Health: An Undelivered Promise
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https://bluwr.com/p/9804934
What Happens If You Swallow Snake Venom?
Imagine you're hanging out with friends, and someone randomly asks, "Would swallowing snake venom kill you?" It sounds like the start of a dare or a myth you'd want to debunk right away.
Snake venom is nature's own brew of toxic substances designed for defense and catching dinner. It's filled with proteins and enzymes that can cause serious trouble if they get directly into your blood, affecting everything from your nerves to your circulatory system.
But here's where it gets interesting: the method of venom entering your body makes a huge difference. And when it comes to swallowing venom, the story takes an unexpected turn.
Swallowing snake venom? It might not be as deadly as you think. Our digestive system is pretty robust, breaking down proteins and peptides, which are the main components of venom. Essentially, if venom ends up in your stomach, your body starts to digest it like any other protein-rich food.
However, it's not an open invitation to start a venom-tasting club. The real risk comes if there are any cuts or sores in your mouth or throat that could give venom a fast pass into your bloodstream. That's when the situation could turn dangerous.
Venom's power is unleashed when it bypasses the digestive system, entering directly through a bite. This direct route to your bloodstream means venom can quickly get to work, potentially leading to severe, even life-threatening, reactions.
Interestingly, the medical world sees snake venom not just as a danger but as a source of potential breakthroughs. Scientists study venom's components to develop treatments for conditions that are currently hard to manage. It's a classic example of how something potentially deadly can be turned into a lifesaver.
Back to the original question: swallowing snake venom isn't something to put on your bucket list, but it's unlikely to be lethal due to the protective role of your digestive system. The real concern is venom entering directly into your bloodstream, whether through an existing wound in your mouth or a snake bite.
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What Happens If You Swallow Snake Venom?
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https://bluwr.com/p/9721488
Applied Machine Learning Africa!
I have been to more scientific conferences than I can count. From to smallest to the biggest like NeuRIPS (even back when it was still called NIPS). Of all these events AMLD Africa is my favorite, by far.
I first met the team two years ago when they organized the first in-person edition of the conference at the University Mohammed VI Polytechnic. I was immediately charmed by the warmth and professionalism, ambition and fearlessness of the team. So much that I joined the organization.
AMLD Africa is unique on every aspect. By its focus on Africa, by its scope and ambition, by its incredibly dynamic, young, passionate, honest and resourceful team, all volunteers. It is hard to believe that this year in Nairobi was only the second in-person edition.
AMLD Africa does the impossible without even realizing it. It has an old school vibe of collegiality, community and most importantly **__fun__** that is so lacking in most conferences today. All without compromising on the quality of the science.
It offers one of the best windows into everything AI and Machine learning happening in Africa. Africa is a continent on the rise. But a very hard continent to navigate because of information bottlenecks. Traveling across Africa is not easy (it took me 28H from Nairobi to Casablanca), there are language barierers separating the continent into different linguistic regions (French, English, Portuguese being the main ones). And just the fact that all too often we do not look to Africa for solutions.
AMLD Africa is solving all that, by bringing everybody together for a few days in one of the best environments I got to experience.
Thank you AMLD Africa.
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Applied Machine Learning Africa!
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https://bluwr.com/p/9030113
Understanding the Complex Adoption Behavior of Augmented Reality in Education Based on Complexity Theory: a Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)
Augmented reality (AR) is one of the recent technological innovations that will shape the future of the education sector. However, it remains unknown how AR potential may impact the behavioral intention (BI) of using AR in education. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the technology acceptance model (TAM), this article empirically considers how such features impact user behavior. Utilizing survey data of 100 students, we perform fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses (fsQCA) to derive patterns of factors that influence BI to use AR in education. The outcomes of the fsQCA demonstrate that high BI to use AR in education is achievable in many different ways.The current paper argues that students' BI to use AR in education is triggered by a combination of different aspects present in these supports. In order to address the factors that enable AR usage intentions in education, the paper presents a conceptual model, relying primarily on the UTAUT and TAM theories. This study investigated how these two theories shape intentions to use AR in education. The findings of the fsQCA analyses demonstrate the existence of multiple solutions to influence users' BI to adopt AR in education. The outcomes underline the significance of targeting certain combinations of factors to enhance student engagement. The most major limitation was the issue of causal ambiguity. Even though we employed the fsQCA as an adequate methodological tool for analyzing causal complexity, we could not justify causality. Furthermore, other methods can be used in future studies to obtain more detailed results.
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Understanding the Complex Adoption Behavior of Augmented Reality in Education Based on Complexity Theory: a Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA)
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https://bluwr.com/p/8802339
whey protein
Part 1
Whey protein has been widely used in untrained subjects [1] or in power trained athletes to increase muscle mass and to improve strength and physical performance [2-4]. However, there are relatively few studies examining the effects of whey protein supplementation on body composition and performance in well-trained endurance athletes [5, 6] and the results are sometimes conflicting. For example, Huang et al. [5] reported increased distance run in 12-min running test associated with an increase in whole body muscle mass, with no difference in performance in the placebo group; they also found decreases in “liver” enzymes, LDH, and creatine kinase (muscle damage markers) after 5-weeks of 33.5 g/day whey protein supplementation in endurance track runners. However, Roberson et al. [6] found increased lean mass, a tendency of mitochondrial capacity to be improved, but without significant improvement in physical performance after the ingestion of 25 g whey protein (post-exercise and pre-sleep) during 10 weeks in endurance runners. The inconsistent results of the effects of whey protein supplementation on endurance exercise performance and the associated post-exercise recovery parameters are in part related to some methodological differences such as the duration of supplementation, the amount, type, and timing of protein intake, and the training status of the subject.
According to Phillips & van Loon [7], endurance athletes need more protein than the current recommendation of 0.8 g/kg/day for normal subjects, in order to achieve training adaptations and improve performance [7, 8]. The position statement of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) stated that protein supplementation may help to offset muscle damage during and following exercise and promote muscle recovery in athletes [9]. The rationale for the increased protein intake for endurance athletes is that their training volume is typically greater than for powerful athletes, i.e. about 6 days per week so as to attain adequate training distance per week. Further, endurance athletes often use a mixed training approach incorporating eccentric exercises, plyometrics and obstacle courses; these training regimens often induce muscle catabolism as well as resulting in muscle damage [10, 11]. Muscle protein catabolism during exercise is not desirable as the amino acids lost in this process are required to support post-exercise and training adaptations. Also, excessive muscle damage with associated inflammation and requirement for muscle repair slows muscle recovery and impairs subsequent performance [12].
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whey protein
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https://bluwr.com/p/8451037
XR Voice (Moroccan Dialectal)
XR Voice is an initiative aimed at bridging the gap between scientific research and professional expertise. Recognizing that the advancement of scientific inquiry begins with elevating awareness within the professional realm, XR Voice seeks to gather insights from experts across various fields. By listening to the voices of professionals and their perspectives, this platform aims to explore how scientific research can enhance and refine diverse domains of expertise. Through this collaboration, XR Voice endeavors to catalyze a symbiotic relationship where cutting-edge research not only informs but actively elevates the standards and practices within the professional world.
By attentively considering the perspectives of professionals, this platform endeavors to explore how scientific research can enrich and refine various domains of expertise. Through collaborative engagement, XR Voice seeks to cultivate a symbiotic relationship wherein cutting-edge research not only informs but actively elevates the standards and practices within professional contexts. This mission is underpinned by the fundamental belief that all development begins with a deepened awareness and appreciation of scientific inquiry. Furthermore, this concept encourages experts to utilize Moroccan dialectal Arabic whenever feasible, fostering inclusivity and cultural resonance within the discourse.
“No country has ever prospered without first building its capacity to anticipate, trigger and absorb economic and social change through scientific research.” Dr. El Mostafa Bourhim
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XR Voice (Moroccan Dialectal)
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https://bluwr.com/p/7574596
