Think Forward.

Législatives 2026 au Maroc : un défi démocratique sous impulsion royale... 2966

Aziz Daouda, 8 mon.
- Politics - Society -
3.5 min read.
Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI a officiellement chargé le ministère de l’Intérieur de préparer les élections législatives de 2026. Cette décision, annoncée dans le 26ᵉ discours du Trône, constitue à la fois une directive solennelle et une marque de confiance particulière envers ce ministère. Avant la fin de l’année, le ministère devra alors avoir finalisé le cadre juridique et organisationnel du scrutin. Dans la foulée, M. Abdelouafi Laftit a convoqué les principaux partis politiques à des consultations inclusives visant à garantir « une élection exemplaire », transparente et crédible, en conformité avec les instructions royales. Cette démarche témoigne d’une volonté claire de renforcer l’organisation des élections en l’éloignant de l’influence directe du gouvernement, notamment celle de son chef, M. Aziz Akhannouch, également président du RNI. Ce parti est perçu comme ayant une influence conséquente sur le processus électoral. Confier cette mission au ministère de l’Intérieur, reconnu pour son rôle d’arbitre institutionnel, vise à limiter les interférences politiques directes et à prévenir toute tentative de captation du scrutin par certains acteurs en place. Le ministre, lors de la réunion, a insisté sur la nécessité que les élections soient « exemplaires » et a laissé entendre qu’un effort significatif serait déployé pour répondre aux attentes démocratiques et institutionnelles, sous-entendu que tout sera mis en œuvre pour une implémentation stricte de la volonté royale, à distance de toutes les factions politiques. Un nouveau Code électoral spécifique à la Chambre des représentants est donc en préparation, avec une adoption envisagée avant la fin 2025. Les réflexions et discussions en cours portent sur plusieurs axes essentiels : la mise à jour ou la simplification des listes électorales, avec le recours à la seule carte d’identité pour identifier les électeurs ; la moralisation et la régulation du financement des campagnes par un contrôle renforcé, voire un plafonnement des dépenses des candidats et des partis. Une meilleure transparence ainsi que la révision du découpage électoral fondée sur le dernier recensement sont également à l’ordre du jour. La question du nombre de bureaux de vote, qui dépassait 40 000 lors du dernier scrutin, devrait aussi être abordée, tout comme la représentation des quelque 6 millions de Marocains résidant à l’étranger. Le mode de scrutin actuel, basé sur la proportionnelle par listes, pourrait aussi être remis en question afin de remédier aux insuffisances constatées en 2021, notamment la propension à favoriser les «faiseurs» de députés et les clientélismes locaux, souvent nourris par l’argent. Dans la sphère politique, c’est plutôt silence radio. L’impression est que les partis politiques sont soit blasés, soit simplement stratégiquement attentifs. C’est donc chez les chroniqueurs et autres auteurs que se déroule le débat et foisonnent les idées. Le sentiment, tout de même partagé, est que les choses doivent changer si l’on veut redonner un sens à la vie politique. C’est ce que veut Sa Majesté. L’introduction d’un scrutin uninominal à deux tours est l’une des idées qui ressort souvent comme une piste possible pour réduire l’emprise de l’argent et des réseaux traditionnels d'influence. Ce mode de scrutin, jamais expérimenté au Maroc, favoriserait un vote davantage axé sur les individus plutôt que sur les listes de partis, renforçant ainsi la démocratie par une meilleure mobilisation citoyenne et une représentativité accrue. Jusqu’ici, les citoyens ont souvent été surpris par des alliances contre nature formées après le scrutin, dès lors que l’électeur n’a plus d’emprise sur la configuration finale. Le scrutin à deux tours a pour avantage que toute négociation ou alliance entre partis se fait entre les deux tours, donc à un moment où le citoyen peut encore intervenir par un second vote. Cette réforme électorale de fond pourrait répondre à un défi majeur : le désintérêt des citoyens pour la politique, manifesté par des taux élevés d’abstention, phénomène alimenté par une perception d’un renouvellement insuffisant, d’une faible efficacité des partis et, partant, des instances élues. Pour réussir, la réforme doit aller de pair avec un effort des partis pour renouveler leurs approches, attirer une jeunesse en quête d’alternatives et raviver l’intérêt populaire pour le vote. Les partis politiques marocains ont historiquement une relation ambiguë avec les électeurs en dehors de leurs bases traditionnelles acquises. Il semble même qu’ils découragent l’adhésion massive au processus électoral, de peur que leurs effectifs, souvent anecdotiques par rapport à la masse électorale statutaire, ne soient dilués. Le PJD a pris les rênes du pays avec seulement 1,3 million de voix, soit environ un dixième du nombre d’électeurs potentiels. Certains partis disposent de groupes parlementaires alors qu’ils n’ont obtenu que quelques 200 000 voix, voire moins. Les partis sont parfois perçus comme peu représentatifs et entachés d’accusations de corruption. Ils ont néanmoins un intérêt pragmatique à mobiliser leurs noyaux d’électeurs pour conserver leur poids politique et leur financement public. La perspective d’une campagne électorale dynamique semble aujourd’hui limitée par une certaine apathie des acteurs politiques, freinant l’élan démocratique attendu. Concernant le scrutin uninominal à deux tours, bien qu’il puisse structurer le paysage politique autour de deux grands pôles et favoriser des alliances plus claires, il ne saurait à lui seul neutraliser les influences de l’argent, les réseaux liés aux chefs communaux ou les clientélismes. Ce système peut même accentuer une bipolarisation artificielle, marginaliser les petits partis et laisser perdurer des alliances occultes entre grands partis, nuisant à la transparence et à la légitimité démocratique. Par ailleurs, des risques subsistent concernant la baisse de la participation entre les deux tours et la complexité du changement d’opinions des électeurs, pouvant ouvrir la voie à des manipulations stratégiques. Ainsi, des réformes complémentaires sont indispensables, notamment en matière de transparence du financement des campagnes, de moralisation du processus électoral et de contrôle des clientélismes locaux, pour garantir une compétition politique plus juste et plus crédible. La décision royale de confier au ministère de l’Intérieur la gestion du scrutin, le dialogue inclusif avec les partis, et la volonté affichée de moraliser le processus témoignent d’une ambition forte de réforme profonde pour une élection plus juste, équitable et digne de confiance. Le mode de scrutin reste au cœur des débats, mais la réussite des législatives de 2026 dépendra aussi de la capacité à réinventer un système électoral et politique capable de mobiliser les citoyens et d’instaurer la confiance dans la démocratie marocaine. Les citoyens aussi, sont appelés a davantage d'honnêteté et de responsabilité.
Aziz Daouda Aziz Daouda

Aziz Daouda

Directeur Technique et du Développement de la Confédération Africaine d'Athlétisme. Passionné du Maroc, passionné d'Afrique. Concerné par ce qui se passe, formulant mon point de vue quand j'en ai un. Humaniste, j'essaye de l'être, humain je veux l'être. Mon histoire est intimement liée à l'athlétisme marocain et mondial. J'ai eu le privilège de participer à la gloire de mon pays .


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April 6: The Moroccan Idea That Conquered the World... 241

Aziz Daouda, 18 h.
- Society - Sports -
2.2 min read.
April 6 is now etched into the global calendar as the International Day of Sport for Development and Peace. A celebration championed by the United Nations, echoed across all continents, and enthusiastically embraced by millions of athletes, institutions, and enthusiasts. Yet behind this worldwide recognition lies an origin that often goes unnoticed. It’s a Moroccan idea, that of Hamid Kamal Lahlou. The irony is striking. While the world fervently celebrates this day, Morocco—the birthplace of the initiative—sometimes seems to lag behind, as if hesitating to fully claim its paternity. Yes, there have been scattered initiatives and events here and there. But they fall far short of what we might have hoped for. We won’t list the few organized manifestations, so as not to ruffle feathers by omitting any. In any case, there are no major events from the sports authorities, such as the ministry, the National Olympic Committee, or the major Royal Moroccan Sports Federations. Is this simply an oversight, or a more subtle form of distancing? The question deserves to be asked, especially when you know the personality of its originator. Kamal Lahlou is not a consensual figure. Journalist, sports leader, communicator, he has established himself over decades as a singular voice in Morocco’s media and sports landscape. His career is dense: former handball player, originally a physical education teacher and inspector, committed actor in the development of national sports, he has held important responsibilities, notably within the Moroccan National Olympic Committee and the Association of African National Olympic Committees. He remains president of the Royal Moroccan Weightlifting Federation and vice-president of the Mohammed VI Sports Champions Foundation. But beyond titles and roles, it’s his words that stand out and his stance that impresses. Direct, clear, often critical, Lahlou disturbs as much as he inspires. He practices neither doublespeak nor complacency. In an environment where restraint is sometimes elevated to an implicit rule, his frankness cuts through. He points out shortcomings, challenges decision-makers, and defends a demanding vision of sport as a lever for development and national influence. This positioning has earned him as many admirers as detractors and doubtless even more denigrators. Some praise his courage and consistency, others reproach him for a tone deemed too incisive. Still others find nothing to fault him for, yet behind his back, lavish him with gratuitous reprimands. But all agree on one point: Kamal Lahlou is an incontournable figure, impossible to ignore. His patriotism admits no ambiguity. Behind every statement, every critique, emerges a clear ambition: to see the Kingdom take the place it deserves on the international sports scene. The April 6 Day fits precisely into this logic. By proposing to dedicate a date to sport as a vector for peace and development, Lahlou sought not personal legitimation, but recognition of the fundamental role sport can play in modern societies. He thus transcribed, in his own way, the royal vision of sport and the role the country can play on a universal scale in service of peace. So why this relative discretion in Morocco around this day? Is it the price to pay for free speech? The backlash of rivalries that have no place? An implicit way to marginalize a figure deemed too independent? A means to silence an ambitious voice? Or simply a deficit of collective memory? Whatever the answers, or the answer, one reality remains. April 6 is an idea born in Morocco, carried by a Moroccan, and adopted by the entire world. At a time when the country seeks to strengthen its soft power and highlight its successes, it might be time to reconcile origin and celebration. For recognizing this initiative to Kamal Lahlou is not just about honoring a man. Does he really need it? It’s rather about embracing a part of contemporary national and global sports history, and reminding that beyond infrastructure and performances, ideas too can change the world. And if it’s the Kingdom of Morocco at the origin, that’s even better.

Mediterranean: The Great Erasure of the Amazigh in Eurocentric Historical Narrative... 747

Aziz Daouda, 3 d.
- Politics - History - Society -
2.9 min read.
The history of relations between the two shores of the Mediterranean is deeply biased. Behind the lazy opposition between a supposedly dynamic North and a South relegated to the margins lies a more serious omission: **the systematic erasure of the determining role of the Amazighs (Berbers, Moors) in the formation of Mediterranean Europe**. This erasure is neither neutral nor accidental; it stems from a genuine ideological construct. Long before the colonial era, Amazigh populations structured most of North African space and held a central place in the political, military, commercial, and cultural dynamics of the Mediterranean, forming essential pillars of its history. They ensured an almost continuous link between sub-Saharan Africa and the northern Mediterranean. From Al-Andalus to medieval Sicily, their imprint is deep and enduring. A symbol of this centrality, the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century was led by Tariq ibn Ziyad (as named in the sources) at the head of a predominantly Amazigh army. Chronicles emphasize its largely Berber composition. This reality is systematically downplayed in favor of an Arab-centered narrative that invisibilizes the predominant Amazigh component. Without the Amazighs, there simply would have been no lasting Muslim implantation in Western Europe and the subsequent impacts. Reducing Al-Andalus to a mere outgrowth of the "Arab world" is a grave falsification by oversimplification. The dynasties that drove its golden age, foremost the Almoravids and Almohads, were of Amazigh origin. Emerging from Saharan and Atlas Berber confederations, they refounded the political balances of North Africa and Al-Andalus, building a Hispano-Moorish civilization that remains vibrant today. This fundamentally Amazigh civilization marked urban and monumental architecture, still visible in Seville, Marrakech, Fez, or Cordoba. It structured religious and legal thought with reformist Malikism among the Almoravids, doctrinal rigor among the Almohads for Muslims, and Maimonides' thought for Jews. It also durably impacted the political and military organization of the western Mediterranean. Southern Spain and Portugal still bear visible and toponymic traces of this Amazigh presence today. Ignoring them mutilates a deeply shared history. To refresh this memory, what better than a little tour of Spain's Extremadura. This influence did not stop at the Andalusian shores. In Sicily and southern Italy in general, particularly Palermo, interactions between North African worlds and European spaces were constant during Islamic and then Norman periods, via military contingents, trade networks, and knowledge transfers. These circulations included a significant Amazigh component, often retroactively dissolved into the vague formula of "Arab influence." Couscous is still present there, accompanied by orange blossom almond sweets. By speaking indistinctly of "Arabs," dominant narratives erase the real plurality of actors and obliterate the African depth of these exchanges. This erasure stems from several cumulative biases. First, **Eurocentrism** and the inability to admit that African populations were co-founders of Mediterranean Europe. Second, **historiographical Arabocentrism** and the tendency to homogenize the Muslim world by invisibilizing its non-Arab components, primarily the Amazighs. Finally, **colonial legacy**, with the need to smooth and hierarchize narratives to legitimize a supposed European civilizational superiority. The result is clear: the Amazighs are relegated to a secondary, folkloric, or local role, even though they were structuring actors of the western Mediterranean. Their impact is unequivocally one of the most important in the region's history. Correcting this bias does not boil down to adding a "Berber" chapter to already-written history books. The narration itself must be reconfigured. It involves reinscribing the Amazighs at the heart of the Mediterranean narrative. Southern Europe is not solely the heir to Rome and Christianity. It is also, in part, the product of North African contributions, particularly Amazigh ones, visible in its political structures, urban landscapes, culinary and clothing arts, certain names, and imaginaries. Isn't the name Maurice an example of indelible impact? The western Mediterranean must be conceived as a space of co-construction, not as a theater of unilateral diffusion from North to South. Recognizing this is not a reflex of identity politics or any ideological claim, but a minimal requirement of scientific rigor. Mediterranean history has been flattened to serve power logics, at the cost of extreme simplification of trajectories and actors. The Amazighs are among the great erased, if not the only ones excluded. Fully reintegrating them into the narrative is not "rewriting" history in the sense of distorting it: it is **repairing** it, by restoring to the Mediterranean its African depth and true complexity. This approach is essential to ease relations in the region and build a solid future for its populations, whether in political, economic, or simply human terms. For centuries, this unbalanced narrative has permeated academic, media, and political discourses. Yet the Mediterranean has always been a sea of circulation, not domination; a space of permanent interactions, not a border between hierarchized worlds. From Antiquity and likely before, it has been a zone of mutual fertilization between African, Levantine, and European civilizations. Archaeology demonstrates this powerfully. Phoenicians, Romans, Carthaginians, Egyptians, Numidians, and of course Amazighs structured its commercial, cultural, and scientific exchanges. The idea of an autonomous Europe, the sole source of modernity, is merely a late reconstruction. Not so long ago on a geological scale, the strait between Morocco and Spain was barely more than one kilometer wide... It falls to historians, teachers, and school systems on both shores to correct this, with a view to a common future founded on an equally shared past.

Chapter 5: Formalize & Systemize 1087

Satta Abraham, 5 d.
A working implementation begins with a narrowly defined document type. The unit of construction is a skill, which combines input schema, feature computation, semantic rules, generation constraints, and validation logic into a single packaged pipeline. The input schema defines the structure of accepted data. Each field has a fixed type and meaning. Inputs outside this structure are rejected or normalized before processing. This step removes ambiguity at the entry point. The feature layer computes derived values from the input schema. These computations are deterministic and expressed in standard tooling such as SQL or Python. The outputs include numerical transformations, aggregations, and formatted representations. Once computed, these values are stored and reused across all downstream operations for the same input. The semantic layer maps computed features into categorical labels. These mappings are expressed as explicit rules that define thresholds and conditions. The rules function as a translation layer between raw computation and narrative intent. Changes in business definition are reflected by modifying rules rather than rewriting logic. The generation layer receives three inputs: original data, computed features, and semantic labels. It produces structured text under strict constraints. The model is restricted to expressing provided values. No additional facts are introduced. Output formats are predefined, often as structured JSON containing narrative sections. The validation layer compares generated text against deterministic outputs. It extracts numerical values, categorical claims, and references, then checks them against the feature and semantic layers. Any deviation indicates failure. Output is either accepted or routed for correction. A complete skill behaves like a compiled artifact. Input enters through a fixed interface. Output is produced in a predictable format. Internal logic remains inspectable and versioned. Once a single skill is stable, the same structure can be replicated across multiple document types. Financial reports, product summaries, operational dashboards, and compliance documents follow identical architectural patterns. Variation exists only in schema definitions, feature logic, and semantic rules. As the number of skills increases, duplication appears in semantic definitions. Terms such as “strong performance,” “declining trend,” or “high risk” recur across domains, often with subtle differences in meaning depending on context. A static rule system cannot represent these contextual variations efficiently. Each skill encodes its own version of definitions, which leads to inconsistency and maintenance overhead. A knowledge graph introduces a shared semantic layer. Concepts are represented as nodes, and relationships between them are explicitly defined. Each concept carries attributes such as context, domain, and threshold values. This allows meaning to vary based on surrounding conditions rather than fixed rule files embedded in individual skills. In this structure, a query retrieves the appropriate definition of a concept based on context parameters such as industry, market state, or organizational role. The semantic layer no longer evaluates rules directly. It resolves references into context-specific definitions drawn from the graph. Feature computation remains unchanged. Inputs are still transformed into deterministic values. The difference lies in how those values are interpreted. Instead of fixed thresholds embedded in code or configuration files, interpretation depends on graph queries that return context-aware mappings. This creates composability across systems. Multiple skills reference the same underlying semantic nodes. A change in definition propagates through the graph without modifying individual pipelines. Consistency emerges from shared structure rather than replicated configuration. The generation layer remains unchanged. It still receives features and resolved semantic labels. The difference lies upstream, where those labels are derived from a shared semantic space rather than isolated rule sets. Validation also extends naturally. Outputs can be traced not only to feature computations but also to the specific semantic definitions used during interpretation. This adds a second layer of provenance, linking each statement to both numerical derivation and contextual meaning. The system shifts from isolated pipelines to a connected network of shared meaning, where document generation becomes an application of structured knowledge rather than repeated local interpretation.

Chapter 4: Tokenomics & Failure 1090

Satta Abraham, 5 d.
Token usage in direct generation scales with both input size and document count. When identical datasets are used repeatedly, the same information is reintroduced into prompts and reprocessed each time. This creates redundancy across runs. A staged pipeline changes this behavior by separating computation from generation. Feature computation runs once per dataset. The results are stored and reused. The generation step receives only derived values and semantic tags rather than raw input data. Let Tin represent the original input size and T'in the reduced representation produced after feature extraction. For n documents derived from the same dataset, direct generation cost scales with n⋅Tin. In the staged system, cost splits into a one-time computation cost plus n⋅Tin. As n increases, the amortized cost of preprocessing becomes negligible relative to repeated generation savings. This structure also changes verification cost. When outputs depend on raw inputs embedded inside prompts, validation requires rechecking both computation and interpretation. When outputs depend on precomputed features, verification reduces to checking alignment between text and deterministic values. This reduces the scope of manual review. A second effect concerns failure containment. In end-to-end generation, errors in reasoning, calculation, and phrasing occur in the same process, making attribution difficult. A staged pipeline isolates these responsibilities. Feature computation is deterministic and testable. Semantic classification is rule-based and auditable. Generation is constrained to express only pre-validated inputs. Validation operates as a final comparison layer between text and deterministic outputs. In practical terms, this structure prevents entire classes of errors that arise when models are allowed to both compute and express facts. Numerical inconsistencies, misapplied rules, and unsupported claims can be traced back to specific layers and eliminated without affecting unrelated parts of the system. The result is a system where cost and correctness are both controlled through separation of responsibilities rather than increased model complexity.