Think Forward.

La grippe cétogène, une conséquence risquée d'un régime cétonique trop strict 2704

Dr Moussayer khadija, 2 y.
- Science - Society - Health -
3.3 min read.
La grippe cétogène se traduit par un ensemble des symptômes dont certains évoquent un état grippal et qui sont susceptibles de se manifester dès les premiers jours de pratique de l'alimentation cétogène. la grippe cétogène n’est pas provoquée par un virus comme dans le cas de la grippe saisonnière. Certaines de ses manifestations se rapprochent toutefois de l’état grippal. Les symptômes surviennent lors du passage en cétose de l’organisme, symptômes évoquant ceux de la grippe : faiblesse, douleurs exacerbées, nausées etc. C’est transitoire, cela dure entre 5 et 10 jours, c’est plus ou moins marqué d’une personne à l’autre. C’est que le corps est en train de changer de carburant. La grippe cétogène correspond à un ensemble des symptômes transitoires qui apparaissent suite à l’adoption d’un régime très pauvre en glucides, avec des apports inférieurs à 50 g par jour : elle est ainsi également appelée « grippe low carb ».La grippe cétogène désigne un ensemble de troubles et de symptômes qui apparaissent lorsque l’on entre en cétose, dans le cadre notamment du régime cétogène. Ce régime, aussi appelé régime Kéto , régime low Carb ou encore kéto diet, qui a été élaboré à l’origine pour les personnes qui souffrent d’épilepsie, repose sur la réduction drastique des glucides dans l’alimentation et sur l’augmentation significative de la consommation d’aliments riches en graisses. Les grands principes du régime cétogènes reposent sur une répartition bien précise de l’alimentation : 70 à 80 % de lipides 15 à 20% de protéines 5 à 10% de glucides 1/ Qu’est ce que la cétose ? Le terme "cétose" désigne un état du corps qui utilise les graisses présentes dans l’organisme à la place du sucre , en guise d’énergie, ou de "carburant", dans le cerveau et dans les différents organes. Il est obtenu par l’accumulation de corps cétoniques.Ce phénomène peut se produire dans plusieurs cas : Lorsque l’on n'apporte plus de carburant du tout au corps, qui est donc obligé d’aller puiser dans des réserves pour assurer son fonctionnement. C’est ce qu’on appelle la cétose du jeûne Lorsque l’on suit le régime cétogène: on cherche justement avec ce régime drastique cette cétose, en réduisant au maximum les apports en glucides dans l’alimentation. Lorsque l’on se trouve dans une hypoglycémie importante : les personnes diabétiques, en particulier de type 1 peuvent souffrir de ce déséquilibre lorsque l'insuline est mal dosée par exemple. 2/ Quels sont les symptômes de la grippe cétogène ? Les symptômes de la céto-grippe sont variés et se présentent sous la forme : De troubles digestifs (nausées, ballonnement, constipation ou diarrhée) De maux de tête, de vertiges, de troubles de la concentration, de sensation d’esprit embrouillé D’une mauvaise haleine De crampes et douleurs musculaires D’une faiblesse générale, d’une sensation de fatigue D’éruptions cutanées Chaque personne qui s’engage dans un régime cétogène ne ressent pas forcément l’ensemble de ces symptômes, et leur intensité est variable selon chacun. Ils sont généralement plus intenses au cours de la première semaine et déclinent après 4 semaines. 3/ Combien de temps dure la grippe cétogène ? L’état de cétose est obtenu rapidement dans le cadre d'une diète cétogène, lorsque le corps est privé de glucides. "Dans les deux jours qui suivent l’arrêt de consommation de glucide, le corps a encore des réserves de glycogène. Jusqu’au 5ème jour, il va utiliser les muscles pour fabriquer du glucose. Mais au bout de 4 ou 5 jours, on entre en cétose généralement." 4/ Comment éviter la grippe cétogène ? Pour limiter les risques de grippe cétogène, si vous suivez le régime kéto, il est recommandé de : Bien s’hydrater Se supplémenter en minéraux et en vitamines pour éviter les carences Ne supprimer aucune famille d’aliment, pour conserver un certain équilibre alimentaire Réduire sa consommation d’aliments sucrés, mais ne pas les bannir totalement Ne pas suivre le régime cétogène sur une longue période Ne pas hésiter à se faire accompagner dans le cadre d’une recherche de perte de poids Dr MOUSSAYER KHADIJA الدكتورة خديجة موسيار Spécialiste en médecine interne et en Gériatrie, Présidente de l’association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS), Présidente de l’Alliance Maladies Rares au Maroc (AMRM) POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS : I/Bibliographie,ii/ L'Alliance des Maladies Rares au Maroc (AMRM) I/Bibliographie -Le régime cétogène pourrait avoir de graves conséquences sur la santé, National geographic, Loren Cecil 1er juin 2023 https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/environnement/le-regime-cetogene-pourrait-avoir-de-graves-consequences-sur-la-sante- -Grippe cétogène :qu'est ce que c'est et comment y remédier ? Femme Actuelle, 27 décembre 2023, Aude Texeront Avec Nathalie Negro, Diététiciennehttps://www.femmeactuelle.fr/minceur/regimes-guide/grippe-cetogene-quest-ce-que-cest-et-comment-y-remedier-2132813 II/’Alliance des Maladies Rares au Maroc (AMRM) Elle a été créée en 2017, en s'inspirant des modèles des pays plus développés, où des associations de malades atteints de maladies rares et des malades dépourvus d’association se sont unis depuis plusieurs années en « Alliance », telles la France avec l’Alliance des Maladies Rares ou la Suisse avec Proraris. L’Alliance se donne par ailleurs pour but de contribuer à la création par les malades eux-mêmes d’associations spécifiques comme elle l’a fait par exemple pour : l’association marocaine des malades d’angioœdèmes (AMMAO) ou l’association pour les personnes atteintes de rachitisme vitamino résistant hypophosphatémique (RVRH-XLH). L’Alliance au Maroc collabore déjà étroitement avec beaucoup d’autres associations œuvrant sur une pathologie particulière comme l’Association de solidarité avec les enfants de la lune Maroc, l’Association Marocaine de Mucoviscidose, l’association des amis des myasthéniques (AAMM), l’association marocaine du syndrome de Rett (AMSR), l’association SOS Pku … L’Alliance entretient aussi des relations d’amitié, de solidarité et de collaboration avec de nombreuses associations et organisations mondiales de malades à travers le monde comme : l’Alliance des maladies rares française, l’association française de Gougerot-Sjögren (AFGS) et le réseau international du Gougerot-Sjögren ou encore l’organisation world’s Hereditary Angioedema (HAEi)… l'ALLIANCE DES MALADIES RARES AU MAROC a organisé la "Journée des Maladies Rares", le 24 février 2024 à Casablanca. Elle l'a fait en partenariat avec les laboratoires Sanofi et L’Association Marocaine de Biologie Médicale (AMBM). Les principales associations de maladies rares au Maroc étaient présentes lors de cette manifestation
Dr Moussayer khadija Dr Moussayer khadija

Dr Moussayer khadija

Dr MOUSSAYER KHADIJA الدكتورة خديجة موسيار Spécialiste en médecine interne et en Gériatrie en libéral à Casablanca. Présidente de l’Alliance Maladies Rares Maroc (AMRM) et de l’association marocaine des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques (AMMAIS), Vice-présidente du Groupe de l’Auto-Immunité Marocain (GEAIM)


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Agentic AI Beyond Benchmarks: Meta-Agents & the Future of AI Evaluation with Khalil Mrini 307

Tariq Daouda, 1 d.
I recently sat down with Khalil Mrini to talk about his work and international experiences. He has spent time in Marrakech, Switzerland, India, and the United States, each place influencing his perspective in different ways. We also mentioned his visit at the UM6P, his experience of the university, students and innkvative AI curriculum. Khalil presented his new paper on agentic AI. The paper focuses on the use of autonomous agents to evaluate and benchmark other agents: essentially, systems that can test one another’s capabilities. He described how this approach could provide a more dynamic and optimal method for measuring progress in AI research. We ended the conversation by discussing AI ethics. Our exchange raised open questions about responsibility, transparency, and how the field can ensure that increasingly autonomous systems align with human values.
youtu.be/zE7PKRjrid4

A Historical Triptych: How Morocco, Spain, and Portugal are Forging the Success of the 2030 World Cup 415

Imad Khater, 2 d.
The assignment of the 2030 FIFA World Cup hosting rights to the unprecedented trio of Morocco, Portugal, and Spain marks the opening of a new chapter in the history of international and sporting relations. The joint organization of this event confirms an unparalleled dynamic, engaging the three nations in a triangular cooperation whose efficiency will be the decisive marker of this global event's success. This trilateral partnership transcends mere logistical collaboration to become a true lever for strategic development. The question is no longer whether bilateral relations are ready, but how their integration into a strengthened trilateral framework will guarantee the success of a mega-event poised to connect, for the first time, two continents through the medium of sport. Historical ties and geographical proximity provide a fertile ground for a remarkable intensification of relations between these three partners. The announcement of their tripartite bid has, in fact, elevated the need for harmonized coordination in the logistical, economic, and security domains to the level of a strategic imperative. I. The Political and Economic Foundations of Enhanced Cooperation The alignment around the 2030 project is not fortuitous; it is rooted in deep political and economic considerations that mutualize the interests of the three countries. •⁠ ⁠The Imperative of Convergence suffers no ambivalence: Spain and Portugal, while operating within the structural framework of the European Union, recognize Morocco as an essential strategic partner, a genuine gateway and pivot to the African continent. This dynamic is not unilateral; the Kingdom is consolidating its Euro-African anchor with heightened clarity through this same alliance. The World Cup deadline, far from being a simple calendar constraint, acts as a powerful lever, forcing the acceleration—often judged too slow—of regulatory, customs, and security convergence processes among the three capitals. Crucially, the political will displayed at the highest level—symbolized by the direct monitoring of Moroccan commitments by His Majesty King Mohammed VI—stands as a decisive catalyst, ensuring the establishment of a unified and enduring policy line, even in the face of contingencies and fluctuations in political majorities within the allied states. •⁠ ⁠Mutualization of Investments and Benefits: On the economic front, the World Cup represents an unprecedented opportunity to boost trade and investment. The trilateral agreements directly influence the planning of major works: the goal is no longer to build isolated infrastructures, but integrated networks (ports, air links, potential high-speed rail connections) designed for interoperability. The harmonization of tourism offerings and incentivizing fiscal regimes for sponsors and investors is crucial to maximize shared benefits. The success of coordination in the logistical, economic, and security domains will not be merely a performance indicator; it will be the symbol of a collective capacity to manage a complex event on a transcontinental scale. II. Managing Complexities: The Challenges of Co-Development An event of this magnitude, operated by three sovereign states, naturally generates frictions and coordination challenges that require first-rate diplomatic and technical management. •⁠ ⁠The Challenge of Global Security and Integrated Transport: The primary obstacle is the creation of a unified security space for the millions of supporters on the move. This demands real-time information sharing, coordination of law enforcement agencies, and the harmonization of emergency protocols. Concurrently, the transport system must be conceived as a single network. The transit of teams and supporters between Europe and Africa must be fluid, reliable, and ecological, necessitating targeted investments in airport capacity and maritime services. •⁠ ⁠The Cultural and Civilizational Vector: Beyond sport, the World Cup is a diplomatic platform. The secondary, but fundamental, challenge is to move beyond simple technical organization to present an ideal model of intercultural coexistence. Morocco, Spain, and Portugal must invest in promoting their cross-cultural heritages, consolidating the values of peace and mutual respect. This involves qualifying national institutions not only in logistics but also in public management and global media interaction, to avoid the pitfalls of fragmented or sensationalist coverage. III. The Structuring Influence of Bilateral Agreements on Logistics The influence of existing agreements between the three countries is vital for infrastructure development. The current stage is characterized by high anticipation from the private sectors and sports observers, who are watching for the concrete acceleration of construction projects. The overall efficiency of the operation—whether considering the pre-event phase, execution during the tournament, or the post-realization legacy—rests entirely on the solidity of the triangular commitment. The transformation of infrastructures, from stadiums to training centers and reception areas, must be carried out in a spirit of normative alignment. In conclusion, the 2030 World Cup is not merely the sum of three national organizations; it is a project of strategic co-development. The strong historical relations uniting the Kingdom of Morocco, Portugal, and Spain, amplified by a constant and high-level political will, constitute the decisive element for transforming this bid into a resounding success, offering the world a precedent of successful integration between two shores.

Law 30-09: A “Tree with Bitter Fruits” Hindering the Development of Moroccan Sports 417

Imad Khater, 2 d.
- Politics - Society - Sports -
2.5 min read.
While Morocco’s recent performances on the international stage—particularly in football—demonstrate its growing dynamism, the legal framework governing the sports sector seems unable to keep pace with this evolution. Conceived in the wake of the 2008 Royal Letter and enacted in 2010, Law No. 30-09, which was meant to modernize the national sports system, now reveals—fifteen years after its delayed implementation—serious limitations. Marked by internal inconsistencies, deficient enforcement, and pervasive state interference, the law ultimately undermines its original purpose: to professionalize Moroccan sport and align it with international standards. I. Excessive Requirements and Forgotten Sanctions Born from a clear political will to reform Moroccan sport and provide it with a modern legal framework, Law 30-09 has quickly become a rigid and impractical instrument. One of its most emblematic—and controversial—provisions is the obligation imposed on certain sports associations to establish sports corporations (Sociétés Anonymes). While the intent was to ensure sound governance, fiscal transparency, and executive accountability, practice has revealed the limits of this approach. •⁠ ⁠A disproportionate constraint. Most associations lack the financial and organizational capacity to comply with such structural obligations. •⁠ ⁠A flawed and inapplicable framework. The law establishes three non-cumulative conditions triggering the obligation to form a sports company. Only the first has been clarified by regulation, while the other two—relating to turnover and payroll—were never defined by governmental decree. As a result, the rule remains largely inoperative, especially since the penalties for non-compliance are systematically ignored. •⁠ ⁠An unfinished reform. Even among the few clubs that have complied, the parent association still holds the majority of the share capital. This structural lock prevents the opening of capital to private investors, thus maintaining dependency on the old associative model rather than promoting professionalization. II. The Persistent Shadow of the State: An Interference Contrary to Autonomy Principles By its very nature, sport is a sphere of autonomy, an ethos enshrined in the Moroccan Constitution and in the regulations of international organizations such as FIFA. Yet Law 30-09 establishes the supervising ministry as the true guardian of the sector, concentrating significant and often excessive powers: •⁠ ⁠An extensive right of scrutiny. The ministry approves statutes, grants accreditation, and confers authorization to national federations. •⁠ ⁠A pronounced power of interference. The administration may impose standard contracts and, more seriously, revoke authorization or dissolve a federation in the event of a “serious violation.” Such prerogatives contradict the spirit of the Constitution, which reserves this power to the judiciary. •⁠ ⁠Institutional omnipresence. A state representative must sit within the governing bodies of both the national federations and the Moroccan National Olympic Committee (CNOM), reinforcing state oversight at the expense of autonomy. This predominant executive control contradicts the principles of independence that underpin both national constitutional law and the global sports governance model. III. The Ambiguous Status of Athletes: The Law’s Major Omission Beyond institutional deficiencies, Law 30-09 exposes a serious legal vacuum regarding the status of athletes. The professional athlete’s contract is treated as an ordinary employment contract—an assimilation that raises significant difficulties. •⁠ ⁠The legislator had to create several exceptions to the Labour Code (five-year fixed-term contracts, exclusivity clauses, conditions for unilateral termination), resulting in an incoherent hybrid regime. •⁠ ⁠Although classified as “employees,” professional athletes do not enjoy the social protection and retirement benefits normally afforded to workers. •⁠ ⁠As for amateur athletes, their status remains completely unaddressed by the law. The provisions aimed at supporting athlete training and post-career reconversion are equally deficient. They are neither mandatory nor widely implemented, few training centers exist, and many athletes lack the educational background needed to benefit from such programs. IV. The Need for a Moroccan Sports Code Faced with these structural weaknesses, a piecemeal revision of the law is no longer adequate. The codification of sports law—through the adoption of a comprehensive Moroccan Sports Code—is now an imperative step toward supporting the country’s international ambition. Drawing inspiration from the French model, such a reform would serve several key purposes: 1.⁠ ⁠Clarifying and consolidating the dispersed legal texts, regulations, and case law to facilitate specialization among legal practitioners. 2.⁠ ⁠Correcting inconsistencies by redefining the jurisdictional competences of the State and creating a sui generis legal status for professional and amateur athletes. 3.⁠ ⁠Modernizing the legal framework by integrating fiscal and social regimes specific to sports entities and individuals. Despite its initial promise of modernization, Law 30-09 has become a “tree with bitter fruits.” Instead of fostering professionalism, it has constrained the sector and amplified its institutional fragility. Only a complete codification—reflecting Morocco’s socio-economic realities and the principles of good governance—can ensure a coherent, autonomous, and sustainable framework for the country’s sports development.