Think Forward.

CAN : l’urgence d’un code éthique pour restaurer l’esprit du football africain 297

La très récente Coupe d’Afrique des Nations au Maroc, pourtant voulue comme une célébration du football africain dans toute sa diversité et sa ferveur, a laissé un goût amer, une grosse amertume, une déception incommensurable, une douleur immense et des blessés. Quel dommage que de récompenser ainsi un pays qui a tout donné pour que soit célébré l'Afrique. Quelle honte que de haranguer les foules jusqu'à leur faire commettre des agressions physiques et de peut être laisser orpheline une famille. Au-delà des performances sportives, plusieurs comportements observés tout au long de la compétition ont suscité l’incompréhension, l’indignation et parfois la honte. Des débordements verbaux, des attitudes provocatrices, des mises en cause répétées de l’arbitrage et des déclarations irresponsables de personnes sensées incarner les valeurs mêmes du sport ont terni l’image de la CAN. En conférence de presse, pourtant organisée par la CAF à la gloire du sport et en dehors, certains ont commis des propos invraisemblables, fruits de leurs imaginations débordantes et de petits calculs imbéciles. Le paroxysme de ces dérives a été atteint lors de la finale, avec le comportement indigne d'un entraîneur, aujourd'hui largement relayé et commentés par les médias et les réseaux sociaux. Quelles que soient les tensions inhérentes à un match de ce niveau, rien ne saurait justifier des attitudes contraires aux valeurs du sport, de respect et de fair-play. Ce n’est pas seulement une question d’émotion ou de rivalité, mais une question de responsabilité vis à vis d'une jeunesse et d'un continent en devenir. La CAN au Maroc n’a pas été une compétition comme les autres. Elle fut une vitrine du football africain, observée par le monde entier, suivie par des millions de jeunes qui y cherchent des modèles. Les entraîneurs, joueurs, dirigeants et officiels ne sont pas de simples acteurs : ils sont des référents, des symboles et des ambassadeurs. Face à cette réalité dommageable, il devient impératif que la Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF) franchisse un cap. Les sanctions ponctuelles, souvent perçues comme tardives ou incohérentes, ne suffisent plus. Il est temps d’instaurer un code éthique contraignant, clair et universel, que tout participant à la CAN serait tenu de signer avant le début de la compétition, dès les phases éliminatoires. Un engagement moral et juridique, condition sine qua non de participation. Un tel code n’aurait pas pour vocation de brider la passion ou la liberté d’expression, mais de fixer des limites claires entre la compétition et la dérive, entre la contestation légitime et l’irresponsabilité publique. Le dit Code Éthique de la CAN reposerait sur huit piliers clairs, précis et contraignants. **1. Les principes fondamentaux du code seraient:** * Le respect des valeurs du football : fair-play, intégrité, dignité et respect mutuel * Le respect de l’image et de la réputation du football africain * La responsabilité individuelle et collective de tout participant **2. Le comportement sur le terrain et en zone technique serait bien encadré:** * L'interdiction de tout comportement agressif, provocateur ou insultant * Le respect absolu des arbitres et officiels, quelles que soient les décisions * L'interdiction de gestes, propos ou attitudes incitant à la violence ou à la haine **3. Le comportement hors du terrain fait partie du tout:** * Le respect des adversaires, supporters, médias et institutions * L'interdiction de toute forme de discrimination: raciale, nationale, religieuse ou autres. * Le comportement doit être exemplaire dans les lieux publics, hôtels, stades et zones mixtes **4. La communication et déclarations publiques doivent respecter les règles avant tout:** * l'obligation de retenue et de responsabilité dans les déclarations médiatiques * L'interdiction de mettre en cause l’intégrité de l’arbitrage sans preuves établies sino devant les instances et non par toute autres voix. * L'interdiction d’incitation à la violence ou à la contestation hostile par le geste ou le verbe **5. La responsabilité des entraîneurs et dirigeants est fondamentales:** * L'obligation d’exemplarité renforcée en raison de leur rôle d’autorité * La responsabilité directe du comportement du staff technique * L'engagement à calmer les tensions et non à les attiser **6. Les réseaux sociaux et communication numérique fait partie du jeu et de la compétition:** * L'application du code éthique aux publications sur les réseaux sociaux * La responsabilité personnelle des messages publiés ou relayés * L'interdiction de propos diffamatoires, haineux ou provocateurs **7. Les sanctions doivent être exemplaires et sans complaisance:** * Des sanctions progressives et clairement définies : avertissement, amende, suspension, exclusion définitive * L'application immédiate et transparente des sanctions * La possibilité de sanctions aggravées en cas de récidive ou de faits graves **8. L'engagement formel est un préalable à la participation à toute compétition:** * La signature obligatoire du code par tous les joueurs, entraîneurs, dirigeants et officiels dans un document individuel accompagnant les listes de joueurs et officiels engagés dans une compétition africaines. * La signature du code est une condition préalable à toute accréditation pour la CAN * La reconnaissance écrite des sanctions en cas de violation est obligatoire Le but du code est bien évidemment d'instaurer l’exemplarité pour protéger l’avenir du football africain et ses compétitions. L'introduction d'un code éthique dans les procédures de participation aux CAN, n’est pas un aveu de faiblesse, mais un signe de maturité. Le football africain a atteint un niveau de visibilité et de compétitivité grâce à cette CAN au Maroc. Le niveau ainsi atteint impose des standards élevés et des garanties. On ne peut tolérer que par la faute d'un individu surchauffé tout un édifice s'écroule et que des vies soient menacées, voire perdues. La passion ne peut plus servir d’alibi à l’excès, la victoire ne justifiera jamais la perte de valeurs, la ferveur ne peut disculper un comportement excessif. La CAN doit rester une fête, pas un théâtre de dérives. En posant un cadre éthique clair, la CAF enverrait un message fort : le football africain se doit d'avancer, de se structurer et de se respecter. Le football doit rassembler et non provoquer la haine, l'hostilité, la répugnance, les crises entre nations ou encore servir de terreau à des froids diplomatiques...Pour ne pas dire plus.
Aziz Daouda Aziz Daouda

Aziz Daouda

Directeur Technique et du Développement de la Confédération Africaine d'Athlétisme. Passionné du Maroc, passionné d'Afrique. Concerné par ce qui se passe, formulant mon point de vue quand j'en ai un. Humaniste, j'essaye de l'être, humain je veux l'être. Mon histoire est intimement liée à l'athlétisme marocain et mondial. J'ai eu le privilège de participer à la gloire de mon pays .


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CAF Sanctions: Disciplinary Justice with Variable Geometry? 230

The decisions by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) Disciplinary Commission regarding the incidents that marred the CAN final between Senegal and Morocco are now known. They were awaited, scrutinized, sometimes feared. But beyond their mere announcement, it is their **coherence, proportionality, and equity** that raise questions today. At first glance, the CAF sought to strike hard, giving the impression of sanctioning both parties to preserve a posture of balance. The CAF simply forgot that at its core, the conflict was squarely between Senegal and the referee, not with the Moroccan team, and thus, in the end, pitted Senegal against this very same CAF, responsible for the organization and officiating. Senegal and Morocco have thus, according to the commission's logic, presided over by a Senegalese, let us recall, been sanctioned to varying degrees. Yet, a close reading of the facts, confronted with the very content of the decisions rendered, reveals an **asymmetry that is hard to justify** between the severity of the acts observed and the weight of the sanctions imposed. The ridiculous is not far off. The central problem, namely, the officiating, has simply been swept aside. The most troubling element undoubtedly lies in the **total absence of any reference to the referee** in the Commission's ruling. As if he had never existed. Yet, the images and testimonies align: in the final moments, the referee displayed **manifest irresponsibility**. How can one justify resuming play when the minimum safety conditions were clearly not met? The stadium had been invaded by official Senegalese supporters, equipment had been vandalized, and tensions were at a boiling point. In such circumstances, the rules are clear: absolute priority must be given to the safety of players, officials, and the public. By ignoring this dimension, the Disciplinary Commission misses an **essential link in the chain of responsibilities**. They are, however, clearly identified. This is not to fully exonerate the Moroccan side. Reprehensible behaviors existed, and some hot-headed reactions could have been avoided. But the nature and gravity of these acts remain **incommensurable** with those attributable to the Senegalese delegation and its immediate environment. The most striking example remains the sanction imposed on Achraf Hakimi. Reproaching him for attempting to remove a towel belonging to the Senegalese goalkeeper—an object that, incidentally, had no business on the pitch—smacks more of a **search for artificial balance** than rigorous application of disciplinary principles. Can one seriously equate this gesture with outbursts involving pitch invasions and infrastructure damage? This harms the image of world football, beyond just African football. The inclusion of such an amalgam in the dossier and the proportionality of the sanctions are manifestly debatable. It is precisely on the terrain of proportionality that the CAF's decision falters. The sanctions imposed on the Moroccan camp appear **relatively heavy** given the facts reproached to them, especially when compared to those concerning the Senegalese side, which was linked to structurally far graver incidents. This disproportion undermines the narrative of those in Senegal and elsewhere who decried Morocco's supposed "stranglehold" on CAF bodies. If such influence truly existed, how to explain that Morocco itself ends up heavily sanctioned? Where is this alleged institutional protection when the disciplinary decisions, on the contrary, seem applied with particular rigor against it? One can only regret the missed opportunity for the CAF to show a new face of power and justice. The CAF Disciplinary Commission squandered a precious chance: to **clarify responsibilities, reaffirm the central role of officiating, and lay credible foundations** for managing crises in African competitions. By opting for punitive symmetry rather than a fine analysis of the facts, it perpetuates unease, fuels suspicions, and leaves the game's actors—players, officials, and fans, in a gray zone where perceived injustice becomes more damaging than the sanction itself. African football deserves better than disciplinary justice with variable geometry. It deserves an authority capable of owning its choices, naming responsibilities where they truly lie, and protecting the essentials: the integrity of the game and the safety of those who bring it to life. Today, some chuckle under their breath for escaping truly proportional sanctions for their misdeeds; others are stunned; still others conclude the immaturity of this African body, like other continental instances. A pitiful image for a continent whose youth aspires to development and a bright future, with football and footballers as role models. Has African football missed the chance to set an example? Did the CAF issue the wrong communiqué or target the wrong match? In any case, there is one clear winner slipping under the radar: the party at the origin of it all. Like a fugitive, the commission released its statement at an impossible hour... Funny, no? One wonders whether to hold out hope and pursue the process further, or resign oneself to admitting there is no hope for a just and credible African football body.

Najib Salmi, a Conscience Fades, a Legacy Endures 241

Najib Salmi has passed away, and with him closes one of the most beautiful chapters of Moroccan sports journalism. But beyond the collective tribute, it's also an intimate page of my own life as a columnist, colleague, and friend that turns. He leaves behind an immense professional legacy and, above all, an indelible human imprint. He was undoubtedly the greatest pen in Moroccan sports for decades. For over forty years, Najib Salmi embodied a certain idea of sports journalism, one that was demanding and responsible. In fact, he founded a school of sports journalism, having stumbled into it somewhat by chance and grown to love it. A central figure at the daily *L’Opinion*, where he directed the sports page, he marked generations of readers, especially through his cult column "Les points sur les i" (*Dotting the i's*), a rare space where freedom of tone blended with intellectual rigor and a sense of the public interest. He was an institution in himself. He belonged to that generation for which sports journalism was neither empty entertainment nor a echo chamber for blind passions, but an act of public service. At a time when Moroccan sports was entering the era of professionalization, money, and excessive media coverage, his pen knew how to denounce excesses, pinpoint responsibilities, and salute, with the same honesty, real progress and achievements when they were genuine. Najib Salmi was not just a great columnist; he was also a builder. At the helm of the Moroccan Association of Sports Press from 1993 to 2009, he fought for the profession's recognition, the defense of its ethics, and the dignity of those who practice it. He helped embed Moroccan sports journalism in regional and international bodies, earning credibility through seriousness and consistency. Wasn't it at a congress he organized in Marrakech that our friend Gianni Merlo was elected president of AIPS? Wasn't it he alone who headlined young prodigy Said Aouita after he set a new national 1500m record? He rightly predicted that Aouita would go far. He was the unwavering supporter of generations of great athletes. He attended every world championship and Olympic Games. He supported me too, with strength and determination. A man of principles, discreet but inflexible on essentials, he believed that respect for the reader and the truthfulness of information were non-negotiable. This moral uprightness, rare in an environment often subject to pressures and interests, earned him recognition from his peers as a true school of sports journalism. Abdellatif Semlali, the legendary Minister of Youth and Sports and his friend, delighted in calling him "Monsieur à côté" (*The Man on the Side*). He truly was. He never fit anyone else's mold, even during a brief stint at *Le Matin du Sahara*, then masterfully directed by Moulay Ahmed Alaoui. For me, Najib Salmi was more than a professional reference; he was a friend, a brother, and a mentor. It was thanks to his trust that I was able to write for years in *L’Opinion*'s sports pages, learning the craft day by day, line by line, under his attentive and benevolent gaze, enduring his mood swings and, above all, his corrections to style and syntax. He passed on to me more than writing techniques: a vision of what a column should be, rooted in integrity, thorough groundwork, and a rejection of shortcuts. Even today, if I continue to write, it's also because that inner voice he helped instill remains, the one that reminds us not to betray sport, the reader, or the truth. Najib Salmi passed away at the age of 78, after a long battle with illness, leaving an immense void in the newsrooms of *L’Opinion* and *Challenge*, to which he contributed with strength and diligence. He leaves a huge void in the hearts of all who crossed his path. He will rest in the Chouhada Cemetery in Rabat, where he himself had accompanied so many other friends, acquaintances, loved ones, and colleagues, and many who grew up under the benevolent shadow of his pen. May God welcome him in His mercy. To the friend, the brother, the master who showed me the way, I can say only one thing: thank you, Najib, for the delightful moments shared, for the words, the lessons, and the example. Readers will miss Najib Salmi; the family, the inner circle, and I will bury Said Hejaj. Said Hejaj departs peacefully to rest. Najib Salmi will live on in history.

From Passion to Meaning: The CAN as a Test of Truth for Africanity... 244

The Royal Cabinet's communiqué, published on January 22, 2026, following the CAN 2025 brilliantly hosted by Morocco, combines a call for calm after the Senegalese withdrawal episode with a celebration of an organizational success hailed across Africa and beyond. Through a measured and forward-looking tone, it transforms a sports tension into a demonstration of responsible continental leadership, faithful to a long-term vision for a united and prosperous Africa. Through the tone and content of the royal message, we understand that once the passion subsides, inter-African fraternity will naturally prevail: Morocco's success is also Africa's success. The CAN 2025 confirmed Morocco's ability to turn a continental tournament into a lever for development and influence. The smooth organization, modernized infrastructure, massive influx of supporters, and revitalization of key sectors such as tourism, transport, commerce, and services generated billions of dirhams in returns and around 100,000 direct and indirect jobs, with over 3,000 companies mobilized and some 500,000 supporters transported by Royal Air Maroc. The royal message places this success within a broader trajectory: that of a "great African country" which, in twenty-four months, has gained the equivalent of a decade of development in infrastructure and expertise, in service of its people and its continent. Without overlooking the "unfortunate" nature of the incidents in the Morocco-Senegal final, the communiqué opts for elevation over controversy. By recalling that once the passion has calmed, "inter-African fraternity will naturally prevail," it offers a mature reading of collective emotions and emphasizes that the Moroccan people "know how to put things in perspective" and reject resentment. The sports defeat thus turns into a symbolic and diplomatic victory: "hostile designs" and denigration are neutralized by strategic consistency, self-confidence, and the Kingdom's African anchoring. The Moroccan public in the stadium witnessed a grotesque tragedy, deliberately and premeditatedly staged, but was not fooled. They quickly understood, kept their calm and composure despite being deeply wounded. A noted and remarkable behavior that honors them and honors the Kingdom. In practice, as in history, Morocco-Senegal relations are imbued with a consolidated fraternity, strengthened on every occasion. The royal message thus takes on particular significance toward this brother country, with which relations are described as "exceptional and strategic," founded on shared memory, assumed African solidarity, deep religious fraternity, and strong economic convergences. The holding, on January 26 and 27 in Rabat, of the 15th Morocco-Senegal Joint High Commission, accompanied by an economic forum, gives concrete content to this resilient fraternity by relaunching investments, joint projects, and South-South cooperation in service of the two peoples and, by extension, all those in the region. Beyond the finalists, the communiqué addresses all African peoples by recalling that "nothing can alter the proximity cultivated over centuries" nor the "fruitful cooperation" forged with countries on the continent. It situates the CAN 2025 within a long-term strategy: capitalizing on intangible capital made of trust, visibility, and credibility, and using it as a springboard toward upcoming events, notably the 2030 World Cup, in an Africa that assumes its place on the world stage, seeks to establish it through continuity, and consolidate it. In this spirit, it is essential to reject deviations, racism, hate speech, media or ideological manipulations, from tarnishing our Africanity or denying its profound dignity. Being African means first sharing a geography, a history, cultures, struggles, and a common destiny, beyond borders, sports results, or political contingencies. We are not condemned to reproduce stupidity and hostility; on the contrary, we have the collective responsibility to make public space a place of encounter, listening, and fraternization, where intelligence, unconditional respect for human dignity, and curiosity about the other prevail over insult and stigmatization. In the straight line of the royal message, this CAN must remain a reminder: our African future will not be built in hatred or by imitating the worst reflexes, but in the ability to transform tensions into learning, competitions into bridges, and disagreements into opportunities for dialogue. We are Africans, together, through memory and through the future, and it is this shared consciousness that can make our stadiums, our cities, and our debates spaces of elevation rather than scenes of division. Attempts at destabilization orchestrated by some may, at best, cloud the horizon for the duration of a competition, but they cannot sustainably embed themselves in the consciousness of peoples. As facts emerge, they turn against their authors, now exposed to the world's gaze, unable to indefinitely mask their failures, the poverty of their mindset, and the pettiness of their designs. Where manipulation exhausts itself, truth always ends up prevailing, and with it the dignity of nations that bet on construction, fraternity, and the future rather than on intrigue and division.